دور الاقتصاد الدائري في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة تجارب مختارة مع افادة العراق منها

The role of the circular economy in achieving sustainable development: selected experiences, with Iraq benefiting from them

Abstract
The severe depletion of natural resources, the massive pollution that affected the planet and the increase in carbon … and other environmental crises that were the result of traditional development projects supported by the linear economy, all of this prompted scientists, interested people and organizations to switch to the circular economy that supports the goals of sustainable development, as they share In the necessity of not depleting natural resources, preserving the right of future generations to them, preserving the environment from all pollutants, the necessity of recycling and benefiting from waste, and reducing the percentage of carbon emissions, and thus living in a cleaner environment and better health. One of the ways of progress is to look at the experiences of others and benefit One of the successful ones is that sharing knowledge and science has become a feature of the modern era, especially after the information revolution and the spread of data and the ease of obtaining it.
With regard to the concepts of circular economy and sustainable development, they are modern concepts and fall within the applied sciences, and many developed countries and countries that have better stability conditions have preceded them, so it would be useful to look at and study experiences from these countries in order to benefit from them. The Iraqi economy suffers from a structural imbalance in the economy It is a single economy, and Iraq is still one of the country’s most dependent on oil, as oil constituted more than 96% of exports, 92% of government budget revenues, and 43% of GDP (statistics in 2019). This led to the erosion of dependence on other sectors (agriculture, industry…). Iraq needs a unified will and scientific management to start sustainable development and make it successful, and the study recommended the need to get rid of the rentier economy (unilateral), and pay attention to supporting the two wings of the Iraqi economy and its neighbourhoods, which are agriculture and industry.