دور العوامل الجغرافية في زراعة اشجار الفاكهة في ناحية الحسينية /محافظة كربلاء

The Role of geographical factors in the cultiration of fruit trees in husseiniya /karbala Govermorate hard

This study aim at investigating the role of geographical factors (physical –human-and environmental)in  the culture and production of orchard crops in the land on Al-Husseiniya.

The researcher relied on the premise that the geographical factors have a great role in the decline of the production of orchard crops in the area of study .in addition to the impact of environment  factors  on the deterioration of  agriculture of orchard crops.

The physical factors have been studied :they include (location .geological  composition . surface .climate. water resources .and soil) in the area of study.cultivating drainage system .

The study has diagnosed the impact of some climate factors in the decline of the production of orchard crops and the deterioration of their quality .in addition to low rain ratio and its fluctuation  as some farmes in the area depend on ground water and drainage system water for  the lack of surface water. Moreover sample were taken  from  ground  water  wells.the first  sample  was  from Al-Farashiya  region the second was from Al-Jankana region in order to investigate their physical  and chemical properties .It  appeared that salt rate was high in the ground water .Sample were also collected from  Al-Razaza drainage water which proved to be inadequate  for  irrigating crops.

The most salient conclusion the study has arrived at is that human factor have a big role in the reduction of crop production and the dividing the property of agricultural premises is the worst in its effect on agricultural land .this factor results from two reasons. The first is the heritage system and land division to distribute it among familynumbers .The second reason is land owners desire to divide the land for selling it as residential plots to make an income that is considered higher than that which comes from farming .This results in the decrease of the size of agricultural land which leads to the reduction of government support as this support is in the form of providing agricultural equipment (like fertilizers.seeds.pesticides.and machinery) to encourage formers  to practice agriculture .While the fact is that government had no tangible role in that  . The  study  has also pointed to the importance of environmental factors which include pests  and  damages to stored crops is considered  the  worst  past  that attacks palm trees in the region of the study while is the most dangerous to citrus and fruit  trees  in addition to weeds and rodents .The study also includes the challenges  that face the cultivation of orchard crops and the future directions to develop crops cultivation in the Ares through suggesting aappropriate  solutions.