دور بكترياAzotobacter chroococcum(L.) ورش اليوريا في نمو وحاصل هجين من الفلفل الحريفCapsicum annuum(L.) وتراكم مركب Capsaicin

Role of Azotobacter chroococcum (L.) and Spray with urea in the growth and yield of two hybrids of chilli pepper Capsicum annuum( L.) and capsaicin accumulation

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the open vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala، Husseiniya district، for the agricultural season 2022 to find out the role of Uzbekter bacteria and nitrogen fertilizer in the growth and yield of two hybrids of chilli pepper and the accumulation of capsaicin. The experiment included two factors، the first factor is two hybrids of chilli pepper (Barbarian and HYFFAE)، the second factor: the fertilizer treatments، which are eight treatments، which included control spraying distilled water(T1)، inoculation with bio-fertilizer Azotobacter(T2)، spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 150 mg.L-1(T3)، Spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 300 mg.L-1(T4)، spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 450 mg.L-1(T5)، Azotobacter + spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 150 mg.L-1(T6)، a lazopacter + spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 300 mg.L-1(T7)، Azotobacter + spraying urea fertilizer at a concentration of 450 mg.L-1(T8 )، The experiment was carried out according to the design of the split plot system within the design of the randomized compiete block design and with three replicates، the first factor (hybrid) in the main panels put the second factor fertilizer coefficients in the secondary panels، and the averages were compared according to the test of the lowest significant difference (L.S.D) at the level of probability 5%.
The results can be summarized as follows:
1-Fertilizer treatments showed that the addition of Azotobacter bacteria and urea sprays، especially the treatment (T8) significantly superior in most of the indicators studied compared to the non-addition treatment and gave the highest values the percentage of elements in the leaves nitrogen (3.009%) and phosphorus (0.544%) potassium (3.677%) as the T8 treatment outperformed ) in vegetative growth indicators represented by plant height (71.47 cm) and the number of main branches (9.507 plant branches-1)، leafy area (73.67 cm² plant-1- and leaf content of chlorophyll (336.0 mg)، and the (T8) treatment excelled in the phenotypic indicators of the fruit fruit wall thickness (2.392 mm)، stem diameter (2.33) and fruit length (2.231 cm)، The T8 treatment excelled in the quantitative indicators of the yield that gave the highest fruit weight (30.09 g)، the number of fruits (32.88 fruit of a plant-1)، the yield of the plant (1.088 kg plant-1( and the total output (29.06 ton ha-1( and the T8 treatment excelled in the qualitative indicators of the fruits that gave the highest percentage of vitamin C (120.7 mg 100 g). and T.S.S. (9.986%) capsaiain (820.2 mg kg(-1
2-The results of the indicators in the Barbarian hybrid showed significant superiority in most of the studied indicators compared to the hybrid HYFFAE.The Barbarian hybrid also excelled in the vegetative growth indicators represented by d the content of leaves of chlorophyll (225.9 mg 100 g -1 ( soft weight The Barbarian hybrid also outperformed in the phenotypic indicators of the fruit the thickness of the fruit wall (2.289 mm)، the diameter of the stem (2.12) and the length of the fruit (15.39 cm) The diameter of the fruit (2.11 cm), and the hybrid Barbarian outperformed in the quantitative indicators of the yield of the weight of the fruit (21.66 g) The number of fruits (34.16 fruits of the plant -1) and the yield of the plant (0.680 kg plant -1 and the total production (18.12 tonha-1) and the hybrid Barbarian also surpassed the qualitative indicators of fruits such and in the ratio of (T.S.S 8.332%) and in capsaicin (742.4 mg kg-1).
3-The results of the indicators in the Barbarian hybrid showed significant superiority in most of the studied indicators compared to the hybrid HYFFAE and gave the highest values in the indicators of nitrogen percentage (3.021%) ,phosphorus(0.567%),andpotassium(3.791%) .The Barbarian hybrid also excelled
in the vegetative growth indicators represented by the diameter of the stem (2.35) the leafy area (74.15 fat ² plant( -1 and the content of leaves of chlorophyll (362.1 mg 100 g( -1 soft weight The Barbarian hybrid also outperformed in the phenotypic indicators of the fruit the thickness of the fruit wall (2.517 mm)، and the length of the fruit (2.301 cm) The diameter of the fruit (34.16 cm)، and the hybrid Barbarian outperformed in the quantitative indicators of the yield of the weight of the fruit (33.66 g) The number of fruits (34.16 fruits of the plant -1 )and the yield of the plant (1.149 kg plant(-1 and the total production (30.64tonha-1) and the hybrid Barbarian also surpassed the qualitative indicators of fruits such as vitamin C (121.3 mg 100 g -1) and in the ratio of (T.S.S 10.11%) and in capsaicin (908.6 mg kg-1).