سياسة روسيا الخارجية في عهد القيصر نيقولا الأول (1825-1855)

Russia's foreign policy during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I (1825-1855)

The thesis dealt with a study of Russia’s foreign policy during the reign of Tsar Nicholas I (1825-1855) and it dealt with foreign policy during the reigns of Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I. Catherine sought wars and expanded the territory of Russia, while Alexander I tried to preserve Russia through The process of international balance and the conclusion of treaties and alliances with Britain and Austria in order to stand in the face of the expansions carried out by Napoleon, and also referred to the uprising that occurred at the beginning of Nicholas I’s assumption of power (the Decembrist uprising), who called that the other Constantine the greatest of Nicholas I is the Caesar and clear The study also deals with how the uprisings were eliminated, exiled abroad and some of them executed, and the study also touched on the foreign policy that Nicholas I followed towards the Ottoman Empire and how he wanted to eliminate it and describe it as (the sick man), but after he realized the seriousness of the situation and the possibility of a strong person represented in the governor The rebel (Muhammad Ali Pasha) is a competitor to Russia, he changed his policy towards the Ottoman Empire and wanted to preserve it by making it linked to a treaty with Russia, that the survival of the country The Ottoman Empire was dependent on Russia, and this was represented in the Treaty of Henkyar Asclessi in 1833, and also the causes of the Crimean War and the loss inflicted on Russia were studied, in addition to clarifying the policy followed by Russia towards Persia, which began with a war (1826-1828). Persia also changed when the cooperation between Persia and Russia for the control of Afghanistan took place through Persia’s invasion of Herat in 1837. Strong resistance to the Russians and they refused to obey them, and this was represented by the imams of the Muridi movement, who are (Ghazi Muhammad, Hamza Bey, Shamil Al-Daghestani), and the study also examined the policy followed by Russia towards Afghanistan and the competition between Russia and Britain for control of that region, as the study indicated To the policy that Nicholas I followed towards the revolutions that took place in the European continent in 1830 and 1848. He appeared as a lawyer for European thrones and did not welcome the liberation ideas advocated by the European peoples.