قضية الاستقلال في برامج ومواقف الاحزاب السياسية الاردنية 1921-1957 “دراسة تاريخية”

The issue of independence in the programs and positions of the Jordanian political parties 1921-1957 "a historical study"

Abstract

The establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan is considered one of the most important results of the Great Arab Revolt in 1916, because the region of Transjordan was nominally affiliated with the Ottoman Empire, as it was subjected to the Ottoman occupation since 1516. Its work was to build some castles and fortresses because the Ottoman administration was weak and was unable to establish a stable government apparatus during the stages of Ottoman control over the region, which led to the deterioration of the security situation in it to become the scene of local clan conflicts because the Ottoman authority dealt with the occupied areas differently, in the distant mountainous areas Regarding the center of power, the Ottoman authority was nominal in it and it did not send Ottoman rulers to administer it, but rather was satisfied with the local presidencies, whether tribal, feudal or military.
After the outbreak of the Arab Revolution in 1916 and the establishment of the Arab government in Damascus in 1918, the Ottoman commander Jamal Pasha, commander of the Fourth Ottoman Army stationed in Syria, tried to win the people of Transjordan to his side in confronting the men of the Arab Revolt. Launching raids on its mandated forces in Aqaba, but soon the sheikhs and men of Transjordan realized the goal of Jamal Pasha, so they abandoned him and joined the ranks of the revolutionaries. In 1920, when the Faisal regime in Syria collapsed and Prince Faisal and members of his government left Damascus to begin a new and important political phase of building political life in Transjordan, especially since Prince Abdullah entered Transjordan after negotiations with the British government and at meetings and agreements that resulted in the establishment of the Transjordan Emirate in 1921.
And with the formation of its inception, the beginning of partisan and political activity in it, if some political parties were established that included various Arab elements. The goals of some of those parties exceeded the Jordanian concern to the Arab concern, and some of them were distinguished in their opposition to the regime in the emirate as they were calling for resistance to foreign colonialism for the sake of the country’s independence. Therefore, the researcher will try A study of the issue of independence in the programs and positions of Jordanian political parties (1921-1957).
The Emirate of Transjordan and the inauguration of Prince Abdullah as its Emir and the beginning of the formation of governments with partisan nuclei. As for the selection of 1957 AD as the end of the study for this issue, it goes back to the official dissolution of the Jordanian parties, and the declaration of martial law in April of the same year, and this date marked the end of the period of the parties’ activity in fifties.