نجيب محمود الريس ودوره الثقافي والسياسي في سوريا 1898-1952

Najeeb Mahmoud Al-Rayes And His Cultural And Political Role In Syria1898-1952

Najib al-Rais is one of the most important press figures in Syria and has had a great role in expressing the opinions of the Syrian people through the press, especially through his newspaper Al-Qabas, which played a great role in Arab society in general and Syrian society in particular, as that newspaper called for independence and freedom, and it found its resonance in Syrian society among the intellectual elite. And its resonance extended to reach all segments of society, as Najib al-Rais played a remarkable militant role since the beginning of his youth, he rose the French occupation until independence, and Najib al-Rais had a role in the Syrian parliament, especially when he became a deputy from the city of Damascus, as well as his political and social role in Syrian society, so the Syrian government became focused on his newspaper Al-Qabas and was subjected to disruption as well as he was imprisoned several times, However, this did not limit his policy and trust in the Syrian people, and he continued to write and express the opinions of the Syrian people until his death.
Each phenomenon has multiple aspects, and may need different approaches in order to study it, so the study has relied on the steps of the descriptive and historical approach in presenting the events and facts experienced by the journalist and MP Najib Al-Rais in Syrian society, and then follow up on this within the framework of the comparative analytical approach, especially since the circumstances and variables that have occurred in Syrian society, those circumstances have varied according to the course of events and their developments on the political and social scene in Syria, And then highlight and explain the role played by Najib Al-Rais on the Syrian scene.
The topics of the thesis was distributed in an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled: The emergence of Najib Mahmoud Al-Rais and his intellectual and political composition, distributed to three sections: the first section: his upbringing and education, while the second section included: his qualities, while the third section: his marriage and social life, and presented the second chapter: the cultural life of Najib Al-Rayes, distributed to three sections: The first section: The journalistic work of Najib Al-Rais in the newspaper (Al-Muqtaseb), this section was divided into the axes of the first axis: journalism in Syria, the second axis: the beginning of Najib al-Rais journalism in al-Muqtaseb newspaper, the third axis: the beginning of Najib al-Rais in al-Qabas newspaper, the fourth axis: the abscess of al-Qabas and its topics , the second section: Najib Al-Rais newspaper and the government, and divided in turn into four axes, the first axis: the articles of Najib Al-Rais and the government, the second axis: Najib Al-Rayes’s demand through Al-Qabas newspaper for freedom of the press, the third axis: Najib Al-Rayes’ position on the opposition newspapers, the fourth axis: the trial of Najib Al-Rayes, the third axis: Al-Qabas newspaper and the disruption also divided into four attempts to address the first axis: decrees of disruption of Al-Qabas, The second axis: the end of Najib Al-Rais in Al-Qabas newspaper, the third axis: included the most important of what was dealt with by Al-Qabas newspaper, the fourth axis: it came with the title of books and articles of Najib Al-Rayes.
The third chapter, which was entitled: The role of Najib al-Rais in the national movement, was distributed among three sections: the first section: Najib al-Rayes’s position on the French occupation in Syria, and it included four axes, the first axis was entitled: Najib al-Rais and the French occupation, the second axis: the beginning of Najib al-Rais in political work in Syria, the third axis: Najib al-Rais in the castle prison, The fourth axis: Najib al-Rais and his position on the national bloc, the second axis: Najib al-Rais and his position on setting the beginnings of the Syrian government be from three axes, the first axis: Najib al-Rais and Sheikh Taj al-Din al-Husseini, the second axis: Najib al-Rayes’s position on the events in Syria, the third axis: Najib al-Rayes’s position on the opposition parties, and the third axis: Najib al-Rais and the political situation in Syria, be of several axes, The first axis: the political situation in Syria and the position of Najib al-Rais on it, the second axis: the elections of the House of Representatives of 1943, the third axis: Najib al-Rais as a deputy in the Syrian House of Representatives in 1943, the fourth axis: the position of Najib al-Rais on treaties, the fifth axis: the position of Najib al-Rais on the war of 1948 And the formation of a state for the Jews, the sixth axis: Najib al-Rais and the coup d’état of Hosni al-Za’im and Sami al-Hinnawi, the seventh axis: the religion of the state and Najib al-Rayes, the eighth axis: Najib al-Rais and Arab and foreign projects, the ninth axis: Freemasonry and Najib al-Rayes. The letter concluded with conclusions, proposals and recommendations.
The study relied on several sources, foremost among which were the published Arab documents issued by the minutes of the meetings of the Syrian Parliament, which provided the thesis with information relevant to the political and social situation in Syria, and some documents of the Syrian state, which contributed information employed in the chapters of the thesis. The letter enriched important information, Arabic and Arabized literature and publications Joseph Yas, The Development of the Syrian Press in the Hundred Years 1918-1965,Riad Al-Rayes, The Last Kharijites Things from the Biography of a Journalist, Souad Gross, From the Mandate to the Coup d’état Syria Zaman Najib Al-Rais (1898-1952), Munir Al-Rayes, Golden of the National Revolution in the Arab Levant The Great Syrian Revolution, as well as the multiple books of Najib Al-Rayes, Selected Works, Surgeon and Struggle and Prison Darkness and others, George Vail, The Journal, Translation: Edgar Moussalli and Hassan Salouma, and a number of books in English: Halonen, Lena Halonen: Effects Of Newspaper Structure On Productivity, Licentiate Thesi , the dissertations and university theses contributed: Basic information, including the thesis of the researcher Nahid Abdel Kareem, the parliamentary councils in Syria and their role in internal and external politics (1920-1943), and the message of Osama Rifaat Al-Bayati, Hashim Al-Atassi and his political role in Syria 1887-1990, and one of the important theses adopted is the thesis of the researcher Youssef Gebran Qais, Shukri Al-Quwatli and his political role 1891-1958, the periodicals enriched the thesis with the sober scientific material, including the magazine Al-Sayyad and Al-Fitra and the Egyptian Photographer magazine and others, As well as published research journals, including Maysoon Mansour Obeidat, the Syrian press as a source of study of the administrative organizations in the province of Syria in the phase of the Ottoman organizations 1864-1914, Majid Hamid al-Hadrawi, Al-Muqtasib magazine (1906-1909) historical study, Rahim Hassan Muhammad al-Shami, the National Bloc and its impact on political developments in Syria in the wake of the Great Syrian Revolution of 1927-1936, and the newspapers had their contributions as they followed events, facts and events, including the Syrian newspapers, the most important of which are Al-Qabas, the Official Gazette, Al-Nidaa, Al-Watan newspaper and a number of other newspapers, These newspapers provided a bold and detailed analytical material on the reality of the life of Najib al-Rais and his most important articles on Syrian events and their role in Syrian society, and encyclopedia books and lexicon provided important introductory material for personalities and some events, including the Political Encyclopedia of Abdulwahab al-Kayyali and Mihyar Adnan al-Mallouhi, the dictionary of Syrian newspapers 1865-1965, as well as the use of information network information (Internet) in a number of illustrative margins. The researcher was keen to document this by day, month and year.