أصحــاب الكســاء (:) في مرويــات السيدة ام سلمة () دراســة تحليليـة

Rp-Ahl Al-Kisa (peace be upon them) in the Narrations of Umm Salamah (may God be pleased with her) .pdf

All praise is due to God, creator of the creation, we him respectively to get benefit from what we had learnt to facilitate the knowledge for us, his guide and the all able; hence, we end our research and knowledgeable task with the most sacred man’s speech that have ever been known after his grandfather, father, mother, and brother, that was Imam Hussein bin Abi Talib ( p.b.u.t.). the study searched the results, after collecting the historical documentary material, checking the chapters and sections, investigating the historical information, and deducting the historical text in accord with the Quranic and prophetic information. These results can be summarized and arranged according to the chapters and sections of the thesis as the following:
1 – Umm Salama, whose name was Hind bint Abi Umayya al-Makhzumiya, was born in Mecca and raised in a noble household. Her father, Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira, was one of the leaders of the Quraysh and known for his generosity. He was nicknamed “Zad al-Rakib” (Provision of the Rider) for his generosity during travel. She married her cousin, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi (Abu Salama), who was among the first to embrace Islam with the Prophet (peace be upon him). Umm Salama bore Abu Salama four children: Salama, Omar, Zaynab, and Durra.
2- The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Marriage to Umm Salama The Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) marriage to Umm Salama (Hind bint Abi Umayya al-Makhzumiya) was not motivated by personal desire or worldly inclination, but rather by noble purposes and objectives that aligned with his mission. These included: Honoring and protecting her after her husband’s death: Her husband, Abu Salama, passed away from wounds sustained in the Battle of Uhud, leaving her widowed with orphans in need of care. The Prophet’s (PBUH) marriage to her was an act of honoring her and her martyred husband, and a commitment to caring for the orphans, as the Prophet (PBUH) said: “I and the caretaker of an orphan will be like these two in Paradise,” gesturing with his index and middle finger.
Strengthening ties with the Banu Makhzum: Umm Salama belonged to the Banu Makhzum, a prominent tribe in the Quraysh. His marriage to her strengthened ties with this powerful tribe and reduced their hostility towards Islam. Contributing to the dissemination of the Prophet Muhammad’s sunnah. Including teaching women the affairs of religion. Umm Salama contributed to the transmission of hadith and the teaching of women the rules of sharia. Thanks to her knowledge and dedication, she narrated 378 hadith from the Prophet (PBUH), and became a reference for the companions and followers .
3-Umm Salama’s Participation in the Prophet’s (PBUH) Battles Umm Salama participated in some of the Prophet’s (PBUH) battles, witnessing the events and narrating hadith and accounts related to these battles. Among the most notable battles in which she accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) were: The Battle of the Trench (Khandaq): She witnessed the preparations for the battle and the condition of the Muslims at that time The conquest of khaibar: She narrated some of the Prophet’s stances in this battle, which enabled the muslims to control the khaibar fortresse.
She narrated many of the Prophet’s hadiths that relate to the importance of Jihad, and patience in the cause of Allah.
4- Umm Salama’s Advisory Role in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah She demonstrated her political acumen and insightful vision in dealing with crises, presenting a model of how a woman can be a trusted advisor in critical matters
5 – Lessons from the Prophet’s Consultation with Umm Salama The study revealed the Prophet’s (PBUH) wisdom in consulting Umm Salama, which included: Reinforcing the principle of consultation as a foundation for governance and management.Elevating the status of women and their role in important decisions. Providing psychological support to the Prophet (PBUH) in difficult situations. Demonstrating the wisdom of addressing crises in a practical manner.
Showing the Prophet’s (PBUH) humility and compassion in leadership, as he was not dictatorial in his opinions but rather humble and accepting of advice from those closest to him.
6 – Umm Salama’s Role in Preparing for the Conquest of Mecca After the Quraysh violated the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the Prophet (PBUH) decided to conquer Mecca in the eighth year of Hijra. Umm Salama accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) on this historic campaign, and her role included:Maintaining secrecy: The Prophet (PBUH) concealed the conquest plan to maintain the element of surprise, and Umm Salama was among the few who knew the plan and kept it secret. Witnessing forgiveness in a position of power: After the Prophet (PBUH) entered Mecca victorious, Umm Salama witnessed how he treated the people of Mecca with mercy, saying, “Go, for you are the freed ones.”
7 – Umm Salama’s Defense of Imam Ali (AS) Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her), one of the Mothers of the Believers, was among the most loyal in her love for Amir al-Mu’minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS). She played an important role in transmitting his virtues and defending him, especially after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), and when some political opponents began trying to undermine the position of Imam Ali. She transmitted the Hadith of Ghadir to clarify the Wilayah of Imam Ali after the prophet (PBUH), and also she narrated the Hadith of Manzila and other Hadiths that clarify the virtues of
Amir al-Mu’minin (AS).
8 – Umm Salama’s Defense of Imam Ali (AS) Against Slander After the martyrdom of Imam Ali (AS), an order to slander him on the pulpits spread during the reign of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan. Umm Salama strongly rejected this order and defended his position. Her stances included: Condemning the slander of Ali (AS): When she learned that Muawiyah was ordering the slander of Imam Ali (AS), she said, “Do not slander Ali, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) say: ‘No one loves Ali except a believer, and no one hates him except a hypocrite.'” Umm Salama continued to spread the Hadiths of the Prophet about the virtues of Imam Ali despite the political harassment.
9 – Umm Salama’s Stance in the Political Conflicts Umm Salama was biased towards the side of truth in the political conflicts that the era of Imam Ali (AS) witnessed, including: The Battle of the Camel: Umm Salama warned Aisha against going out to confront Imam Ali (AS), reminding her of her narration: “I remind you by Allah, daughter of Abu Bakr, not to be that woman about whom the Prophet (PBUH) said: ‘The dogs of Haw’ab will bark at her.'” The importance of the position: She supported the right of Imam Ali (AS). Umm Salama had a great position in supporting Amir al-Mu’minin (AS) and defending him, and she made every effort to stop Aisha from traveling to Basra to fight Amir al-Mu’minin, and she reminded her of the Hadiths of the Messenger (PBUH) in the right of Ali, and long dialogues took place between them that are too long to explain. After she despaired of returning her from her determination to go out, she sent her son Omar bin Abi Salama to be a soldier in the army of Amir al-Mu’minin.
10 – Umm Salama’s Stance in the Battle of Siffin Umm Salama’s stance in the Battle of Siffin was clear and explicit, as she supported Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) and considered him to be on the side of truth, and she rejected the position of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and those with him. And her narration of the hadiths that prove that the transgressing group is the one that fought Imam Ali (AS).
11 – Umm Salama’s Defense of Fatima al-Zahra (AS)Umm Salama, the wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), was one of the strongest defenders of Fatima al-Zahra (AS). History records her courageous stances in defending al-Zahra’s (AS) right to inherit from her father, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH). When Fatima al-Zahra (AS) was denied her inheritance, Umm Salama testified that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) had given Fatima Fadak, and that it was in her possession. Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “Is this said to the like of Fatima? By Allah, she is the heavenly being among humans, raised in the laps of prophets and handled by the hands of angels, and she grew in the pure gardens. Do you claim that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) forbade her from her inheritance and did not inform her?”
12- Umm Salama’s Narrations on the Status of Fatima al-Zahra (AS) Umm Salama’s narrations emphasized the exalted status of Sayyida Fatima al-Zahra (AS) as the mistress of the women of the worlds, from the first to the last. Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) had an important role in narrating the events of Fatima al-Zahra’s (AS) marriage to Imam Ali (AS), as she conveyed important details about how the marital home was prepared for Fatima and Ali (peace be upon them both). She was among the women who attended al-Zahra’s (AS) wedding, and she mentioned some details related to the preparation of the marital home.
13 – Umm Salama’s Role in Transmitting the Hadith of the Cloak and the Verse of Purificatio Umm Salama contributed to the transmission of the Hadith of the Cloak and the Verse of Purification to later generations, which preserved this important event from being lost. Thanks to her narration, the Hadith of the Cloak and the Verse of Purification became among the most famous hadiths used to demonstrate the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). The Hadith of the Cloak is considered one of the most important pieces of evidence for the exclusivity of Ahl al-Kisa (Prophet Muhammad, Fatima, Ali, Hassan, Hussein (peace be upon them)) with the status of infallibility and purity. The analysis of the Verse of Purification confirms its exclusive inclusion of these five, which supports the belief in infallibility in Islamic thought.
14 – Umm Salama’s Narrations on Hassan and Hussein (AS)Umm Salama’s narrations show Hassan and Hussein (AS) as an extension of prophethood and an embodiment of Islamic morals and values. The narrations indicate the Imamate of al-Hassanain, emphasizing their status as “the masters of the youth of Paradise.”
15 – Umm Salama’s Role in Transmitting News of Imam Hussein’s (AS) Martyrdom Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her) played an important role in transmitting news of Imam Hussein’s (AS) martyrdom, which is evident in several aspects: Narrating the Hadith of the Soil: When the soil turned into blood, Umm Salama knew of Hussein’s (AS) martyrdom and informed the people of it. Transmitting the Prophet’s (PBUH) Vision: Umm Salama conveyed this vision to the people, which increased their grief and sorrow for the calamity of Hussein (AS).Announcing the News of Imam Hussein’s (AS) Martyrdom: Umm Salama was the first to scream in Medina when she heard the news of Imam Hussein’s (AS) martyrdom. After the news of Imam Hussein’s (AS) death arrived, Umm Salama had clear and bold stances regarding this heinous crime. When she learned of his killing, she said, “Did they do it? May Allah fill their graves and houses with fire,” and then she fainted.