العناصر الثقيلة في تربة أراضي الحسينية وأثرها في الإنتاج الزراعي

Heavy elements in the soil of Al-Husseiniyah lands and their impact on agricultural production

Abstract:
The heavy elements originate in the soil environment, whose sources are either natural or human, as well as the physical and chemical weathering processes of the parent material that contain varying levels of heavy elements. In many fields, especially industrial, agricultural and domestic, solid and liquid waste, which is a large source of pollution with heavy elements in the land and water environment, as the subject of the study (heavy elements in the soil of Husseiniya lands and their impact on agricultural production) was prepared as an agricultural environmental study that was applied to agricultural soil to know The extent of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils and their impact on the agricultural reality in the study area due to the importance of this phenomenon and its spread and knowing the actual spatial variation of its distribution through laboratory examination of soil samples, irrigation water and cultivated crops, and it is necessary to rely on local and global determinants of the ratios of measured concentrations of heavy elements in soil and water irrigation.
The problem of the study was whether the heavy elements in the soil of the study area had an effect on agricultural production, and whether the natural and human geographical factors affected the change and increase of the concentrations of heavy elements in the soil and water of agricultural irrigation, is there a spatial variation in the proportions of heavy elements in the soil of the study area between winter And the summer season, and what are the effects of heavy elements on the reality of agricultural production in quantity and quality in the study area?
As the heavy elements have a clear effect on the quality and type of agricultural production in the study area, in addition to that the natural and human geographical factors that had an impact on changing and increasing some of the heavy elements in the soil and irrigation water through the variation in their concentrations during the winter and summer seasons are reflected in their effects on the reality of agricultural production in the study area.
The study relied on the laboratory examination of soil samples taken by (31) samples, as well as water samples by (10) samples, as well as samples of plants and crops planted nearby for each soil sample in the study area during the winter and summer seasons, and the results of laboratory analysis of irrigation water samples showed In the winter season, the cadmium element had the highest levels in two samples, which were (2) and (3) by (0.021ppm) and (0.016ppm), and the results were slightly higher than the permissible local and global limits. Thus, the quality of this water is poor for irrigation of agricultural crops, as well as during the month of February. There were no high percentages of cadmium in the soil samples, so the highest rate was recorded in only two samples (1, 27) by (0.08, 0.07 ppm), thus the percentage of cadmium exceeded the permissible limits for heavy elements in the soil of agricultural lands, as cadmium levels were generally low. Very much in the winter, as the highest concentrations of the manganese element reached in the samples (1, 2, 3, 17), respectively, during the winter and summer, and it was in the month of August by (1.067, 1.43, 1.65, 1.30 ppm), respectively, and this is evidence of That there are sites for samples have become It has high manganese concentrations, i.e. higher than the local and international determinants, because the locations of these samples are close to human uses in the study area. The intersection point is known as the so-called link point between climate elements and heavy elements, and there are no statistically significant differences between the locations of the samples taken from the beginning and middle. and the end of the river, as the calculated (f) values were greater than the tabular values of (9.55) at a level of significance (0.05) and a degree of freedom (2-3), which means that the water during the Husseiniya River has a percentage of pollution with heavy elements, as it becomes more polluted during its flow from the beginning The river to the end of the river in the manner of a gradual rise, which is not indicative. We also conclude that there are no differences in the level of heavy elements in the water between winter and summer, except for lead (pH), whose height was clearly shown in winter and summer, and the difference function was statistically significant. Correlation with tabular values that were greater than the value of correlation as the tabular value of the correlation coefficient is (0.25) at the level of functions (0.05) and the degree of freedom of (60) means the divided correlation is a statistical function if the calculated value is greater than tabular, which is (60).
The cultivated area of the study area amounted to (3567.75 / dunums) in the year (2019), and the total agricultural area was (7843.75 / dunums), while the least cultivated area for the same season was during the year (2021) by (2159.25 / dunums), while The total agricultural area for the same year was (3575.75 / dunums), and the highest cultivated area of forage crops during the winter season was in (2021) by (5735 / dunums), and the lowest cultivated area of green fodder and forage mixtures in the year (2018) by (909 / dunums). dunums), while the total agricultural area for the same year amounted to (3760.75 / dunums). short or long term.