المقارنة بين مستويات الTetranectin, ProteinS100BوHigh-Mobility GropBox-1Protein لدى مرضى الصرع بنوعية الاولي والثانوي

Comparison the Level of Biomarker Teranec-tin, Protein S100Band High-Mobility Group Box-1Protein in Patients with Primary and Secondary Epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, characterized by the persistent propensity to have seizures. It is categorized based on the major cause of the disease to primary epilepsy which includes genetics cause, and secondary epilepsy which includes acquired causes of this disease.
This study aimed to differentiate between patients with epilepsy and healthy people as well as to differentiate wither patients having seizure due to genetic predisposition (primary epilepsy) or due to acquired causes (secondary epi-lepsy) by measuring the levels of Tetranectine, Protein S100B and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) biomarkers which can also be used to pre-dict the possibility of having epilepsy disease.
The study was carried out at laboratories of Al-kafeel hospital and the EEG unit of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Karbala, from November 2024 to April 2025. There were 90 participants in the study, their ages range from 15 to 60. Thirty of them are healthy people (control group) and thirty with primary epilep-sy and thirty with secondary epilepsy (patients) were included.
According to results of this study there was a significant difference observed in the levels of Tetranectine between the control group and both primary and sec-ondary patient groups as it increased significantly in the secondary group.
There were statistically significant differences in the levels of protein S100B and HMGB1 biomarkers between the control group and patients with primary and secondary epilepsy with higher level of these biomarkers in the secondary group.
The study shows that the tetranectine levels increase gradually in younger pa-tients from control groups to primary group to secondary group, but in patients aged 30 or older, it increases sharply until it reaches the highest level in the sec-ondary group, this indicates that the older individuals may experience more se-vere disease response, also the Protein S100B in both age groups show a signifi-cant rise in levels from controls to secondary patients, indicating a highly signifi-cant difference between the groups. Similarly, HMGB1 levels increase in both groups, with slightly higher levels in younger secondary patients. All changes are statistically significant (p-values < 0.01).
The study’s findings showed significant difference in the level of creatinine (P<0.01)-slightly lower in primary epilepsy compared to controls and secondary as well as a significant decrease in the levels of Ca++ and HBA1C in patients for both groups especially in secondary patient group compared with control group.
There were observed correlations among the research parameters. For example, Tetranectine exhibited a positive relationship with HMGB1 and Protein S100B. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between HMGB1 and calcium levels. Additionally, HMGB1 was positively correlated with Protein S100B, while also showing negative correlations with calcium and HBA1C. A strong relationship was identified between seizure duration and age, as well as with BMI. Tetranectine, S100B, and HMGB1 also displayed positive but non-significant associations with seizure duration.
The study also focused on the prediction possibility of epilepsy disease wither it has primary or secondary cause and the results show that the best diagnostic per-formance was shown by Protein S100B, which had demonstrating a high capaci-ty to accurately detect positive cases. HMGB1 also showed high performance, and a more balanced diagnostic profile. Tetranectine, while having the lowest AUC, still demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
According to the results mentioned above, these biomarkers: Tetranectin, Protein S100B, and HMGB1 could be used to differentiate between patients with epilep-sy, either primary or secondary and to predication the possibility of having this
disease.