تأثير حامض الساليسلك ومدد الري والصنف والتداخل بينها في نمو وحاصل ونوعية وبعض المؤشرات الوراثية للذرة الصفراء (.Zea mays L)

Effect of Salicylic acid, Irrigation interval, Variety and their interaction on Growth, Yield, Quality and Genetic parameters (Zea mays L.).

This study was carried out during spring and fall growing seasons of 3102 in Alfayadah district –Alhindiya Kerbala governorate to study the effect of different concentrations of SA within two period of irrigation as well as their interaction on some morphological, physiological, water relationship ,yield and yield components and some qualitation characteristics of seeds and leaves of maize plants irrigation treatments were Almaha , Buhooth ,Fajer ,Baghdad and Local .

Factorial experiment within randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was adopted (5*3*5) for SA irrigation and cultivars respectively with three replicates. Means were compared using LSD at 1015 probability level . The 0st addition of SA was a foliar at 4-5 true leaves stage and the 3nd addition was one month after the 0st one (515of made flowering ).Vegetative growth , quantitative qualitation of yield were measured. Biochemical and water relations parameters were determined . In additiontional of , some variables of the genetic material concerning β- tubulin gene of fresh leaves were also studied by using real time-PCR results revealed the following :

• Salicylic acid (SA) at 311 and 011mg/l gave a significant reduction of most studied physiological parameters giving a percentage increase in total Chl. and total carotenoid, proline, carbohydrate, GSH , AsA content. SA significantily affected on some water relations parameters. SA at 51 mg/L gave increase percentage in relative water content(R.W.C.), the higher decrease percentage in the L.W.D.
• Plants hormones were significantily influenced by SA higher percentage increase of IAA, GA & Cyt. during spring season at 311 mg/L
• Flactuated effects of SA on vegetative growth percentage were observed SA increased the plant hight at 311 mg/L SA during spring season, whereas it decreased the plant height at 011 mg/L SA, an increase in leaves number during spring season at 311 mg/L SA an increase in leaf area 311 &011mg/LSA for both seasons respectively. In addition to increase of the dry weight.
• SA affected on the yield components . It increased the number of ears during fall seasons was observed at 051 mg/L SA. The diameter of ears at 311 mg/L SA both seasons respectively, as well the weight of the ears at the same concentration of SA was increased for both seasons respectively. Higher weight of 011 seeds was found at 011 mg/L SA for both seasons respectively. The dry weight of yield increased at 311 mg/L SA.The biological yield was also increased for both seasons respectively.
• SA significantily affected on some quantitative parameters of maize plants .The protein percentage was increased at 51 &011 mg/L SA for both seasons respectively. N was increased at 311 mg/L SA for both seasons respectively. P was also increased at the same concentration of SA during fall seasons only. K was increased at 311& 051 mg/LSA by. Ca was increased at 51&311 mg/L SA. At the conc. of SA, Mg was increased for both seasons respectively.
• Increasing the irrigation intervals,total chlorophyll content was decreased for both growing seasons respectively. Total carotenoids content during the spring season was increased by40365where as it decreased during the fall season.Proline was increased for both seasons respectively. Carbohydrate were decreased during the spring season & increased during fall season GSH was increased during the spring season where as, it decreased during fall season. The percentage decrease in R.W.C. for both seasons respectively. Increase percent in L.W.D.was %EC.% increased during the spring season .The percent increase of ABA during the spring season while it decreased by during fall season.
• Increasing the intervals of irrigation for 7 to 04 days caused a reduction in most parameters of vegetative growth . The plant height was decreased for both growing seasons for both growing seasons respectively & for the dry weight for both growing seasons.
• The yield & its component were decreased due to Increase the irrigation interval. Ears number were decreased by for both growing seasons. The ears diameter was also decreased by for both seasons respectively. Ear dry weight , 011 seeds weight , yield weight & the biological yield were decreased by for both growing seasons respectively.
• Most of quantitive characteristics of maize were decreased as the irrigation intervals Increased, Oil content was decreased during spring season. Proline was decreased for both growing seasons respectively,N K during the spring season for both seasons respectively.
• Maize cultivars showed fluctuations in most studied parameters between spring& fall season.However, Almaha cultivar was superior among other cultivars. This was predicted by the genetic results mainly at 311 mg/LSAat the 7 days irrigation interval.
• Genetic study by using Real-time PCR revealed that plants treated with 311 mg/L SA at 7 days irrigation interval during fall season were the best in terms of most studied parameters. Moreover, PCR technique at 04 days interval of irrigation revealed. Asimilarity between Fajer & Local varieties is giving the highest values of most studied parameters, at 011 mg/L SA,Whereas, Almaha, Buhooth& Baghdad varieties showed a similarity in giving higher values of studied parameters at 311 mg/L SA.
• The interaction between SA & water interval showed a significant increase on most studied parameters concerning vegetative growth , yield & its components& its quantitative parameters, The interaction between SA & cultivars significantily affected the above mentioned parameters , The interaction between three factors markedly the above mentioned characteristics.