تأثير مرض الفشل الكلوي المزمن وسم الأوكراتوكسين A وتفاعلهما في بعض المقاييس البيوكيميائية للإنسان في محافظة كربلاء

Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Ochratoxin A and their interaction in some Biochemical Parameters of Humans in Karbala Province

Summary
Numerous studies have been conducted on food contamination with Ochratoxin A (OTA) in various nations throughout the world. More than 5 billion people in developing nations are found to be at risk of chronic OTA exposure according to studies. OTA is nephrotoxic with a range of adverse health effects, It also contributes to the development of Balkan endemic nephropathy. The aim of the study was detection the correlation between Ochratoxin A and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) effect in some level of a biochemical parameters, and their effect on thyroid hormones Triiodothyronine (T3), Tetraiodothyronine (T4), and Thyriod stimulating hormone (TSH).
This study was carried out in laboratories of the College of Applied Medical Sciences / University of Kerbala, private laboratories, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, /Baghdad, Iraq. During the period from 1/12/2022 to 1/4/2023, blood samples were collected from 100 patients with CKD and from 100 healthy control.
The results showed a significant difference in the levels of ochratoxin A in the blood plasma, as its levels in CKD patients reached 99%, and its levels in the blood plasma of healthy controls reached 32%. Where the percentage of females was more than males in the presence of OTA in the blood plasma of patients, and the percentages were as follows: females 56% and males 43%.
The results also showed that the concentration of OTA in the blood plasma of patients was significantly higher than those of healthy control, with male and females patients’ concentrations reaching 23.475 and 23.943 ng/ml, respectively, while healthy control concentration was 2.075 and 2.171 ng/ml, respectively.
The results showed that levels of urea in healthy males and females were both within the normal range, whereas the presence of ochratoxin A was associated with an increase in urea levels in male patients to 140.34 mg/dL and in female patients to 121.53 mg/dL.
The a verage creatinine levels in male and female patients with chronic kidney disease increased to 3.655, 3.680 mg/dL, respectively, which is substantially higher than those in healthy control.
This study proved that ochratoxin A and CKD affected the normal levels of the studied hormones if it led to TSH levels decreasing in patients with CKD with a highly significant difference P value = 0.000192 when compared to levels in healthy individuals; where that levels of TSH in blood serum of patients Male(PM) and patients Female (PF)with OTA and PF, without OTA decreased to 0.227, 0.247, and 0.241 µIU/mL respectively With high significantly different levels of TSH in the blood serum of healthy Male(HM) and healthy Female (HF) with OTA, HM and HF without OTA were 6.07, 3.757, 1.852, 1.692 µIU/mL respectively.
On the other hand, ochratoxin and chronic kidney disease caused an increase in the level of the T4 hormone ranged between 244.24- 322.627 nmoL/L, while the level of the hormone in healthy control ranged between 107.28_118.76 nmoL/L.
The result showed that the levels of T3 hormone increased to 19.461, 18.896, and 23.013 nmoL/L in the blood serum of PM, with OTA, PF, with OTA, and PF, without OTA, respectively with significantly different levels in the blood serum of HM, with OTA, HF, with OTA, HM, without OTA, and HF, without OTA which they were 1.988, 2.018, 2.108, and 1.946 nmoL/L respectively.
Examining physiological blood parameters revealed that the result of WBC was the presence of no significant differences compared to the healthy control in P value 0.062, the result of Hemoglobin (HGB) was the presence of significant differences in P value 0.00018 between each of them compared to the healthy control. Additionally, there was a very significant difference between the percentages of RBC in people with CKD and healthy patients P value 0.000107. The results of the physiological blood parameters represented by the MCV, and Platelets (PLT) did not show any substantial differences between CKD patients compared to healthy control