تأثير مصدر ومستوى السماد الفوسفاتي والرش بمستخلص الكجرات في صفات النمو والحاصل والنوعية لمحصول زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annuus L. )

Effect of source and level of phosphate ferilizer and spraying with Gujarat extract on growth, yield and quality of sunflower crop (Helianthus)

Summary

Summary
A field trial was carried out during the spring season 2020, in Ibn Al Bitar Vocational Preparatory in Al hussaineah – Kerbala, to study the effect of source and level of phosphate fertilizer and spray with Roselle extract on some growth and yield indicators of sunflower plants (Helianthus annus L.),the factorial experiment was setup according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, two factors was used, the first factor was phosphate fertilizer (Control , 60 kg P.ha-1 from Urea phosphate, 120kg P.ha-1from Urea phosphate, 60 Kg P.ha-1 from DAP , 120 Kg P.ha-1from DAP),The second factor was Roselle extract (0, 4 , 8 gm L-1).all treatments were added in two doses. The plants were harvested at full maturity after measuring all growth characteristics.
The results showed:
1. Phosphorous treatments had a significant effect on the characteristics of leaf number, stem diameter, head diameter, fresh weight and biological yield, and the highest increase was observed in the treatment of (120 kg.ha-1 of urea phosphate) that amounted to (22.64 leave.plant-1, 29.08 mm, 29.37 cm , 52.44 Mg h-1 and 16.14 Mg h-1) respectively.
2. (120 kg P.ha-1 of urea phosphate) treatment was significantly superior in the characteristics of sunflower yield( seeds number per head, Fertility percentage, weight of 1000 seeds and seeds yield, and it achieved values of( 1444 seeds head-1, 90.74% , 78.56 gm and 5.910 Mg h-1) respectively.
3. P2 (120 kg P.h-1 from Urea Phosphate) the highest values in the qualitative and chemical characteristics such as oil yield, ash percentage, zinc percentage, calcium percentage, phosphorous percentage in seeds and vitamin C (2.583 Mg h-1, 3.081 %, 65.24 mg.kg-1 , 0.747 % and 1.444%) compared to the control treatment.
4. The highest values of growth characteristics and yield observed when sprayed with Roselle extract were achieved at a spray concentration of 8 gm L-1 in (plant height, leaf area, leaf area index, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, head diameter, number of seeds per head, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield and fresh weight, biological yield and fertility percentage and it achieved values of (214.4 cm, 1.82 m2, 0.979, 1.390 mg .g fresh weight-1, 0.688 mg .g fresh weight-1, 2.04 mg g fresh weight-1, 29.13 cm, and 1428 seeds head-1, 78.86 g, 5.943 Mg h-1, 54.45 Mg h-1, 16.61 Mg h-1, 91.74%).
5. There was a significant increase in the percentage of protein, oil yield, ash percentage, calcium percentage, phosphorous percentage, zinc percentage in seeds, and carbohydrates percentage at the spray concentration 8 g.L-1 of Roselle extract and the values were (14.941%, 2.494 Mg h-1, 2.789% , 0.820% , 1.397%, 72.52% and 18.15%) respectively.
6. The interaction treatment between (120 kg P.ha-1 from urea phosphate) with spray concentration (8 g.L-1) of Roselle extract had a significant effect on the highest traits such as (plant height, number of seeds per head, weight of 1000 seeds, fertility percentage, seeds yield ,fresh weight, biological yield, carbohydrate percentage, ash percentage, phosphorous percentage in dry matter, calcium percentage, phosphorous percentage in seeds and zinc percentage) The values were as follows (220.8 cm, 1.554 seed head-1, 85.50%, 97.55%, 6.248 Mg h-1 and 65. 54 Mg h-1 , 19.18 Mg h-1, 19.89%, 3.527%, 0.710%, 1.204%, 1.667%, and 84.99 mg.kg-1) respectively.

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