تحليل المكاني للوظيفة الجامعية في محافظة كربلاء دراسة في جغرافية المدن

The Spatial Analysis of the University Occupation in Karbala Province

The university institutions received a special care in all over the world due to the occupations the no other institution can achieve. In these institutions, minds grow. They are the base for the comprehensive development in every country whether on the economic, social, or the cognitive levels. On this base, the study concentrated, through its aims and approach adopted, on studying the university occupation in Karbala province to know its spatial distribution and the suitability of this distribution to population requirements. It also tackled the quantity growth to these university institutions in the province. The study concluded that Karbala University is considered the most development institution in the province according to its students, instructors, and staff numbers; and through the study results by using many scientific methods. Besides, the study relied on the field study which included institutions of this occupation represented by karbala University, the Technology Institute, Ah lul Bait University, Al Hussein College, Al Zahrawi College, Al Taf College, Al Warith University, Al Amead University, and Al Zahraa University. This is in addition to analyzing a number of efficiency criteria that Ministry of Education and Scientific Research limited in comparison with the indicator value of these institutions such as student/ instructor indicator, student/ hall indicator, student/ hall area indicator, student/ laboratory area indicator. It was stated that these institutions did not receive a high efficiency in providing the criteria that established by Ministry of Education and Scientific Research as the high shortage in the number of instructors and halls in some of these institutions as in karbala University and Al Zahrawi College. The two methods of distance standard and the close neighbor index to know how these institutions are distributed. It was clear that its distribution was suffering from at random and disorder. Pearson coefficient factor, Arc Gis 10.4 of drawing maps, and AXCEL program were also used to reach a geographical database relating to the area of the study. It was also shown that the number of students who joined the study formed 18% out of the total number of population within the university age study ( 18 – 24 years) in the province for the academic year 2019 – 2020 while their percentage was 14% for the academic year 1996 – 1997.
The study tackled drawing the occupational region boundaries of the university institution in Karbala province. It was clear that Al Zahrawi College has the largest occupational region among these institutions where the students percentage who came from out of Karbala province forms 59% out of the total number of the students, while in Al Amead University formed 48% , and then Al Taf College formed 46 %, Al Warith University, Al Hussein College formed 42 %, karbala University and the Technology Institute formed 34%, and Al Zahraa University formed 26% . Ah lul Bait University has the least number of students who came from out of the province forming 22%. Generally, the occupational region of these institutions included all Iraqi provinces save Arbil province, and this is an indicator of the significance of this type of learning leading to connection among all country cities.
The study also tried to emerge the most important occupations that the university institutions carried out in Karbala province. It was clarified that the cognitive occupation is considered the most important occupation that these institutions work to achieve; in addition to the social occupation that introduces its services through its connection n with community to solve its problems. On the other side, the economic and architectural occupations were not neglected, for there is a forward relation between educating and economy; whenever education flourished, economy flourished and vece versa. This is due to its use from outcomes of educating system; that is to say, whenever the economic development increased, the education budget increased; the matter that helps spreading and improving education, which in turn participate in advancing and flourishing society. The study ends with a group of recommendations and solutions that the researcher finds, in case taking them in consideration, will take part in the comprehensive development of the university institutions in Karbala province.