تحليل مكاني لتعبئة وتسويق الغاز المسال في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة

Rp- Spatial analysis of bottling and marketing of liquefied gas in a governorate Holy Karbala.pdf

In view of the rapid technical development that the contemporary world is witnessing, which will result in an increase in the world’s consumption of energy at a rate of four times the current consumption during the coming years, due to the high standard of living and the increase in per capita income, and that the technical development in the gas industry has become one of the most important sources of energy in the present era, as it can be replaced Other sources of energy in many industries, including petrochemical industries, iron, steel, and aluminum industries, and using it as fuel for domestic consumption, electric power generation, and water distillation, as it achieves a decrease in the cost of production, and the cleanliness of liquefied gas (LPG) and that it is free from sulfur impurities, which helps to improve the economies of factories because it helps to reduce the corrosion rate in the equipment and is also a source of national income for the state, as the surplus is exported for local consumption and obtaining foreign currency in return. The most important thing that distinguishes liquefied gas is its advantages compared to other sources. The other energy is that it contributes to preserving the environment, as it is a clean fuel that does not leave after burning any sulfur deposits, as it is the best alternative and the least contributing to the production of gases that pollute the environment, especially carbon dioxide (Co2), and given that cars represent an important part of energy consumption Hence, it is one of the main pollutants of the environment. Therefore, we see the importance of moving towards the use of liquefied gas (LPG) as a fuel for cars as an alternative to other petroleum products such as kerosene and gasoline.
It can be said that the expansion of the liquefied gas industry (LPG) to supply industrial projects will contribute to improving the economic level by providing job opportunities and opening new horizons for the establishment of investment projects, including the development and development of liquefied gas filling plants, which are closely linked to the development and development of the oil sector, as well as closely linked to the size of the population and its growth rate as one of the factors of settlement This industry and from this standpoint called for the need to take the bottling and marketing of liquefied gas factories in the Karbala governorate as a subject for study and go into its merits entitled (Spatial analysis of bottling and marketing liquefied gas in the holy governorate of Karbala) in order to identify the concept of liquefied gas (LPG), its production methods, its historical development, and the study of factors Its localization, geographical distribution, problems, and proposals to solve them, and research the possibility of developing and advancing this sector in the future.
AThe study reached several results, including that the holy governorate of Karbala contains several liquefied gas filling plants that occupy an important place in the life of the population, as they reached (10) plants distributed among the administrative units of the governorate in an uneven manner, since the vast majority of them belong to the private sector and were established by Investors, through their personal desires to locate the optimal plant, as there were (9) civil laboratories and one governmental plant, which is the governmental Karbala gas plant, and this is what affectedROn the distribution of the product (liquefied gas cylinders) in the governorate, as there are administrative units devoid of those factories, including the district of Ain al-Tamr, whichjIt meets the needs of its (31,557) people for the year (2022) of gas cylinders through the Noor Al-Hussein Al-Ahly Gas Plant, which is affiliated with the district of Karbala Center and close to it, and the Al-Khairat district, with a population of (63,940) people, for the year (2023), which meets its needs of gas cylinders from the factories Affiliated to the western stream district, which are (3) plants, which are the Zain Al-Abidin National Gas Plant, Al-Rawdatain Al-Ahly Gas Plant, and Al-Irfan Al-Ahly Gas Plant. As for the gas marketing squares, they amounted to (11) squares, including only one governmental square, which is the government Karbala square, and (10) private squares belonging to the sector They are all combined squares (oil and gas). Their distribution coincides with the liquefied gas filling plants, in addition to marketing by the mobile agents, who number (329) agents. They are also distributed among the factories, and they are determined by daily quotas of the product (gas cylinders) by the petroleum products distribution company / branch. Karbala, the study showed the influence of natural factors, especially the climate elements represented by temperatureAnd the wind on the filling and marketing process of liquefied gas through the effect of high temperatures on the evaporation of liquefied gas when it is stored and during its transportation by tank cars, as well as the effect of the wind and the direction of its movement in transporting gases resulting from the exudation of cylinders and during the filling process, as well as the impact of human factors represented by capital, which is the basis for the establishment Labs and squares that’s through what wavedZThe vast majority of them belong to the private sector and were established by investors, in addition to the role of transportation methods in transporting the raw material semi-manufactured liquefied gas (Al-Fil) and its impact on marketing liquefied gas and distributing it to all parts of Karbala Governorate, while we find that the size of the population has a prominent role in its relationship to productivity And the provision of manpower for them through an increase in the population leads to an increase in the demand for production and thus the demand for manpower. It depends on the invested capital, in addition to imposing taxes on the owners of the factories, the lack of spare parts, and the constant power outages, which forces the owners of the factories to provide generators and bear additional costs related to maintenance and providing fuel for them (kerosene), as well as the limited amount of liquefied gas (Fol) supplied fromBefore the supply areas represented by the governmental Babylon Gas Plant / Babil Governorate, which obtains liquefied gas through a network of pipelines carrying liquefied gas (Al-Fal) connected to Basra Governorate, which is subject to a daily supply plan specified by the gas filling and services company / Karbala branch, and given the importance of this sector and the necessity of its development And caring for it and providing support for it from the government, the researcher put some suggestions and future directions to get it to the best