تقدير تحليل معامل المسار في الذرة الصفراء تحت تاثير توليفات من الاسمده المعدنية والعضوية

Estimation of path coefficient analysis in maize under the influence of combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers

Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the synthetic varieties of the maize crop that are most suitable under the influence of combinations of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and animal manures, and to estimate their path coefficient to determine the selection criterion with the aim of developing it. To achieve the goal of the study, a field experiment was applied on 18/3/2022 in the experimental field of Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational Preparatory School in Al-Husseiniyah district of the Holy Karbala Governorate in a using a split plot arrangement according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with six Fertilizer levels, which are fertilizer combinations consisting of mineral and organic fertilizer, as follows: (The first level: 160N-100P2O5-40K2O kg ha-1 the second level: 160N+100P2O5 +40K2O kg ha-1 + 4 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer, the third level: 160N+100P2O5 +40K2 O kg ha-1 + 8 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer, Fourth level: 320N+200P2O5 + 80K2O kg ha-1, Fifth level: 320N+200P2O5 + 80K2O kg ha-1 +4 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer and Sixth level: 320N+200P2O5 +80K2O kg ha-1 +8 tons ha-1 of organic fertilizer) was placed in the main plots, and six synthetic varietiesof of maize were used (Fajr 1, Maha, Baghdad 3, Sumer, Sarah, and 5018) and placed in the sub plots.
The results showed that there is significant variance for the different levels of fertilization on most of the studied characteristics, except for the number of ears per plant, which was not significantly affected by this factor. The study also showed that there is significant effect of the synthetic varieties of maize on most of the studied characteristics.
Highly significant interactions were recorded for the two characteristics of the number of days from planting to 75% silking and the number of days from planting to physiological maturity between the fertilization levels and the synthetic varieties under study, and the lowest number of days was achieved by the 5018 synthetic variety at the fourth and sixth levels, as it achieved (68.33 and 96.66 days respecively ). while the highest number of days was achieved by the Sumer with the first fertilizer level (74.67) for the number of days to 75% silking and the higest number of days to physiological maturity was achieved by Baghdad3 with the first fertilizer level (109.33 days) while the lowest number was achiveved through the synthetic variety 5018 with sixth level (96.66 day).
Plant height, total nitrogen uptake, and total phosphorus uptak recorded highly significant interactions between fertilization levels and synthetic varieties, 5018 reached the highest interactions at the sixth fertilizer level (223.96 cm, 348.33 kg ha-1, and 69.50 kg ha-1, respectively). The Baghdad 3 synthetic variety with fifth level achieved the highest interactions for plant leaf area and the percentage of oil in grains(6715cm2 , 5.03%, respectively ) and the same synthetic varites with sixth level achieved the higher interaction of potassium uptake , number of rows in ear , number of gains in rows number of grains in ear ,biological yield and grain yield (213.33kg ha-1 , 17.66 rows per ear , 45.33grains per row,777,5 ear grains 20949 kg ha-1 and 9674kg ha -1 respectively) and this interaction was not different from the interaction of the same santhetic varietes with fifth level of trits ,number of rows in ear, number of grainsin rows,number of grains in ear ,biological yield and grain yield . Fertilization levels and synthetic varieties under study recorded a highly significant interaction for the harvest index, and the highest was for Fajr 1 at the fifth fertilizer level (46.47).
The results of the genotypic path coefficient analysis showed that the character of the number of grains in the ear in the first and second fertilizer levels can be adopted as an selective index, in order to achiev the highest total effect (genotypic correlation) amounting to (0.9957 and 0.9957) respectively which came from an indirect effect through the biological yield. The results of the analysis also showed at the third level, the harvest index can be considered as selective index for achieving the highest total effect of (0.9825), which came from a high direct effect of (0.8745) on grain yield. As for the fourth level, the characteristic of the biological yield can be considered as selective index for achieving the highest total effect of (0.9898), which came from a very high direct effect on grain yield of (6.7848) . the fifth and sixth fertilizer levels, the total nitrogen uptake characteristic can be adopted as an selective index to achieve the highest total effect of (0.9806 and 0.9834) , respectively, coming from an indirect effect through the biological yield in the fifth fertilizer level and through the total phosorus uptake in the sixth fertilizer level.