تقييم أداء أنظمة الري بالتنقيط المنتجة والمستخدمة محليا

Rp-Evaluating of the performance of locally produced and used drip irrigation systems.pdf

Climate change and the construction of dams in riparian countries have led to a significant shortage of water resources in Iraq. Therefore, it was necessary to rationalize water consumption in agriculture by using systems is drip irrigation systems in which optimal water consumption is achieved. It is one of the most effective ways to rationalize water consumption in agriculture and needs to be performance evaluated. The present study was conducted on farms in the Iraqi province of Karbala. The drip irrigation system has been established in one of the governorate’s farms, which consists of several types of irrigation networks from different sources that are used locally, in the governorate’s farm. Most of these farms exist in the desert areas that are dedicated to the cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions, and they are irrigated by wells water through using the drip irrigation system. Depending on the measurements of the discharge rates and pressure of the emitters, different parameters have been determined for drip irrigation systems. Three types of drip irrigation pipe systems were used in this study, two of them are locally produced and the third one is imported. Two emitters were used for each pipe type. When using the first type (emitter No one), the field emission uniformity ranged between 73.4% and 88%, the absolute emission uniformity ranged between73% and 86%, the design emission uniformity ranged between 70.8 and 85.2, the value of the statistical uniformity ranged from 74% to 89%, the value of the coefficient of variation ranges from 0.11 to 0.26, application efficiency ranges from 73.4% to 86.8%, variation of emitter flow rate ranges from 48.7% to 32.6% and pressure head variation ranges from 40% to 44.9%. When using the second type (emitter No two), the field emission uniformity ranged between 84% and 95%, the absolute emission uniformity ranged between 83% and 84%, the design emission uniformity ranges between 79.7 and 93, the value of the statistical uniformity ranged from 86% to 95%, the value of the coefficient of variation ranges from 0.05 to 0.13, application efficiency ranges from 82.5% to 94%, variation of emitter flow rate ranges from 12.5% to 31% and pressure head variation ranges from 10.2% to 25,1% the pipes used in the experiments, are separate from the drippers and made of polyethylene plastic 16 mm diameter. These results show that the imported product is better than the local product, and the production values improve with increasing pressure and that the best evaluation was at pressure (1bar). The measured pressure change coincides with the calculated one with an absolute error ranging between 0.02 and 0.06 and this refers that emitter number two was better than emitter one. In addition, the coefficient of roughness was tested for several values, and it was found that the least error when comparing the program results of the calculated head from the equation and the values obtained from the field experiment was C=140 for local products. The IRRICAD software program has been used to re-design part of existent farm and evaluate its work, and when comparing the program results with the executed design, was found that the values of the diameters used in reality exceeded the values obtained by using this program.