تقييم تأثير استخدام الرز منخفض الجودة كبديل للذرة في علائق فروج الحم على اداء النمو و الوظيفة المناعية و اعضاء الجهاز الهضمي وصفات الذبيحة

Evaluation the Impact of Low Quality Rice as Corn Substitute in Broiler's Diet on Growth, Digestive Organ and Carcass Trait's

Summary
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of low quality rice as alternative of corn on broiler chicken performance by measuring some productive performance, digestive organs measurement, carcass equality characterization, gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and intestinal morphology. The experiment lasted five weeks (35days) that started from 22 November 2023 to 26 December 2023. One hundred and sixty broiler chicks (Ross308), the birds were fed on basal diet for two weeks, at day 15th of the experiment the birds were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group contain 40 birds, each group subdivided into two replicates (20 birds for each) in a sector design. Control group (T0) was fed on the basal diet second group (T1) as treatment fed on basal diet with replace corn with 10% rice. Third group (T2) as treatment fed on basal diet with replace corn with 20% rice. Forth (T3) group as treatment (T3) fed on basal diet with replace corn with 30% rice.
The productive traits measured weekly, at day 5th and 25th of age, blood samples from jugular vein were collected from ten (10) birds from each group to obtain the serum to determine immunological test, and carcass characteristics measured after slaughtering. The results revealed that live body weight showed no significant difference between control group and T1group in all periods of the experiment that increased as compared with T2 and T3groups.There was no significant difference in feed intake in the 3rd week in control group, while at 4th and 5th week, T3 showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in feed intake, while T2 showed a significant (p< 0.05) increase in feed in take at 4th and 5th week. Weight gain showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in all period of the experiment in the control group and T1, comparing with T3 and T4.
Feed conversion ratio showed a significant (p<0.05) improve in the T0 and T1 groups as compared with other treated groups and did not difrent from control group. The antibody titers of Newcastle disease, Gomboro, infectious bronchitis and avian influenza showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the control and T1 groups. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the relative weight of liver, gizzard, proventiculus and crop in the control group comparing with other groups, while spleen showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in T3.The sensory evaluation results showed a significant increase in T3 ,T4 comparing with T0,T1 as tenderness and colour, whereas juiciness showed no significant difference among groups. The flavor and palatability showed a significant increase in the control comparing with other groups. The contents of mineral in meat showed a significant increase in Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc and Potassium in control and T1, comparing with T2 and T3. Gene expression data showed a significant (p<0.01) difference among experimental groups. Also villi length, crypt depth, villi width and muscular thickness were recorded a significance in duodenum and jejunum villi length, crypt depth, villi width showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in control group while T2 decreased significantly (p<0.05) as compared with other groups. Ilium villi showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the control group. In conclusion, diet of chickens that fed on 10% rice yield the best growth performance compered to diet with 20% and 30 % rice. As well as rice content beyond 10% regularly effect chickens growth and health.