دراسة تاثير أكسيد الزنك النانوي والتعتيق الحراري على قوة الالتصاق بين المطاط المتراكب وأسلاك الفولاذ

A Study of Nano Zinc Oxide and Thermal Aging on Adhesion Force Between Rubber Composite and Steel Wire Cord

    Adhesion of rubber compound to steel cord is of extreme importance to the rubber industry. The present study aims to study of nano-zinc oxide and thermal effect on the adhesion force of rubber-tire cord interface. This study includes experimental and numerical parts.
Due to a temperature increase through running tires, the energy of adhesion will differ as compared with the initial state. To study rubber-cord interface at raised temperatures, the T-pull test method is used. In this research, T-adhesion of samples is evaluated at different temperature values 25, 50, 75, and 100 °C. Also, tensile properties and hardness are studied to help the designer to make better and stronger tires.
Eleven different rubber compounds were prepared by a two-roll mill and laboratory presses to study the effects of common ingredients on the rubber-tire cord interface. One compound has conventional zinc oxide as an activator with 8pphr (part per hundred rubber) concentration. Eight compounds have nano-zinc oxide with 0.2, 0.6, 1, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.75, 4 pphr. The other two compounds have nano-zinc oxide with 2.2pphr, one has cobalt stearate with 2pphr instead of 1pphr and the other has carbon black with 65pphr instead of 50 pphr.
The numerical part is implemented using the finite element method (FEM) operating on ANSYS APDL. Vr 16.1 to estimate the pull-out-force which is needed to pull out the cord of steel from the mass of rubber for all types of compounds. The numerical simulation results are compared with those of experiment.
The results obtained from the experimental work show that the increased temperature leads to decrease the adhesion in the rubber-tire cord interface. The replacement of conventional zinc oxide by nano-zinc oxide leads to improve the adhesion force by 21%, reduce the amount of zinc oxide by 72.5% and the tensile strength by 45.11%. It also leads to reducing the cost of the compounds because the price of nano-zinc oxide is approximately equal to the price of conventional zinc oxide.
The numerical results show that the pull-out force is increased by 22.8%. When compared with the experimental result, the error percentage is found to be 9.7%.