دراسة تداولية لتوجيهات منتخبة من خطب السيد السيستاني للمقاتلين ضد داعش

Rp-A Pragmatic Study of Selected Ayatollah Sistani’s Guidelines to Fighters Against ISIS .pdf

The study examines Grand Ayatollah al-sayyid Ali al-Sistani’s guidelines to fighters opposing ISIS through a pragmatic linguistic lens. Given these guidelines’ significant influence on anti-ISIS fighters,
This study aims to: identify positive politeness strategies used to establish rapport with fighters; analyze negative politeness techniques employed to respect fighters’ autonomy; uncover the categories of implicature and their roles in conveying the speaker’s intentions; examine the distribution of speech acts and deixis; and illuminate the core moral values and themes presented in the guidelines. The study hypothesizes that the speaker employs two primary positive politeness strategies—in-group membership markers and emphasis on shared values—to build solidarity with fighters, while utilizing indirect requests and hedges as negative politeness strategies to minimize imposition. The texts are expected to contain moral, political, religious, and humanitarian dimensions in its language.
Additionally, it posits that both conventional and conversational implicature, all types of speech acts, and all categories of deixis appear in the discourse, with conventional implicatures, directive and assertive speech acts, and temporal deixis showing particular prominence. The final hypothesis proposes that sacrifice, unity, and patience emerge as the fundamental religious and moral values in al-Sistani’s guidelines.
The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative analysis employs Levinson’s (1983) deixis framework, Searle and Vanderveken’s (1985) speech act taxonomy, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, Grice’s (1989) implicature classification, and Cap’s (2010) thematic analysis. The quantitative component utilizes Chi-square testing to compare patterns across seven sermons. The findings reveal a balanced distribution between positive politeness strategies featuring inclusive language, and negative politeness reflecting the speaker’s effort to foster camaraderie while respecting autonomy. Both conventional and conversational implicatures appear, with conventional implicature’s dominance suggesting reliance on culturally shared meanings. All speech act types are present, with assertives predominating underlining the sermons’ role in establishing doctrinal authority and shared truths. The five deixis categories all appear, with personal deixis most frequent and statistical variation occurs primarily in deixis usage, indicating the speaker’s intent to personally engage the audience. The analysis concludes that Grand Ayatollah Sistani