عزل وتوصيف اجناس بكتريا Campylobacter من الانسان والحليب الخام ومنتجاته باستخدام تقنية الفحص الجزيئي في محافظة كربلاء

Isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. from human, raw milk and milk product by using molecular technique in kerbala governorate

Summary:
Campylobacter spp. is a major food born pathogen that is increasingly found worldwide and that is transmitted to human through meat ,raw milk and dairy products.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in human , raw milk and milk products sample in holly Karbala city, and the detection the antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates , the present study was beginning from October 2022 to the end of March 2023 ,on Two hundred (200) samples were aseptically collected as fallow : 100 sample of raw milk and 100 sample of milk products from different local shops and farms which distributed in kerbala provinces as well as 100 samples from human aged from 2 month to 10 year suffering from diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain at the General Children’s Hospital & Al-Hussein-Teaching-Hospital .
Samples were cultured immediately onto enriched and selective media . that appear small, mucoid colonies with typically grayish coloration and some have to be creamy grey in color, slightly raised, moist, and frequently produce discrete colonies, flat with irregular edges, and non-hemolytic at 24-48 hours were the characteristics of Campylobacter spp. colonies isolated on Campylobacter agar base selective media.
By using the polymerase chain reaction method, 38 isolates out of 300 samples (12.6%) were confirmed to be Campylobacter spp. . From results that showed Campylobacter spp. sixteen isolates were subjected for sequencing to detect the species of Campylobacter there was recorded as four species (C. jejuni, C.coli ,C.lari & C.upsaliense ).
According to antimicrobials susceptibility through disk diffusion assay ,Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for C.Jejuni & C.upsaliense showed complete sensitivity to ciprofloxacin , gentamycin, and Imipenem while total resistance to tetracycline ,streptomycin & cephalexin acid . On the other hand, C.Coli & C.lari total sensitive to gentamycin ,imipenem and azithromycin while resistance to ampicillin & amoxicillin was also observed.
This Campylobacter spp. resistance pattern discovered in this study is quite concerning due to the insusceptibility to the previously mentioned antibiotics, which are routinely employed as the medications of choice for campylobacteriosis treatment. The warm season was associated with an increase in Campylobacter prevalence in raw milk. Because of the possible public health risks, these levels of prevalence and resistance merit additional investigation and appropriate remedies.