علاقة الكيموكيناتCCL5, CCL2 و CXCL10 مع شدة المرض بين المرضى المصابين بفايروس كورونا

Correlation of CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 Chemokines with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Abstract

Family of coronavirus has significant human and animal pathogens. At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus was recognized as the reason of a group of pneumonia cases of unidentified etiology. The novel coronavirus has quickly become widespread, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, followed by a pandemic, an increasing number of cases in various countries throughout the world. The CCL2 is the prominent chemokine linked to COVID-19 severity. Other chemokines such as CCL5 and CXCL10 may be elevated in patients with COVID-19.
Ninety blood samples were taken from clinically diagnosed patients infected with COVID-19 virus divided in to (45) with severe infection and (45) with mild infection. The samples were taken from both sexes (51) males and (39) females at age ranged between (20-80) years old attending to Al Zahraa Hospital of Imam AL-Hussein Medical City, Karbala /Iraq during the period extended from October (2020) to February (2021).The CCL 2, CXCL 10, and CCL 5, were measured and recorded by ELISA. The complete blood count, C-Reactive Protein, Ferritin, and D.dimer, were measured and recorded by swelab alfa complete blood count analyzer, antigen antibody agglutination reaction, and Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay analyzer, respectively. All patients were taken with positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
In this study observed role of different laboratory data and immunological Markers. The mean of C-Reactive Protein in severe patients was significantly higher (P=0.000) than in mild patients, (136.44) and (16.53), respectively. The mean of serum ferritin mean among mild patients (114.98) compared to (1018.27) for severe patients group, showing a significant association with severe patients (P=0.000). The mean of D.dimer showing a higher significant association with severe patients group, giving to a mean of mild groups (303.13) and (1049.56) among severe groups (P =0.000). Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1(MCP-1) or CCL2 mean among mild patients (405.39) compared to (857.99) for severe patients group, and showing a significant association with severe patients (P=0.000). Another marker with important role as biomarker severity for COVID-19 is the Interferon Gamma Induced Protein 10kDa (IP-10) or CXCL10, in severe patients was significantly higher (P=0.000) than in mild patients, with mean (453.80) and (243.17), respectively. A Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 or CCL5 showing a significant association (P=0.000) between severe patients group, giving to a mean of mild patients (594.86) and (1300.70) among severe patients group.
The results of this study have shown an elevated serum levels of CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 in severe group compared with mild group of COVID 19 patients, therefore, these markers might have an important role in the severity of COVID 19 infection.