علاقة بعض المعايير المناعية والفسلجية مع تعدد الاشكال الجيني في مرضى الصدفية

Association of Some Immunological and Physiological Parameters with gene Polymorphism In Psoriasis Disease

Summary
The study aimed to know the impact of these new Interleukins (IL-32,IL-38 and IL-39 ) and some hematological parameters on psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease with a special pathogenic manner that is not understood yet. Although it is a correlated multifactorial disease in complex pathway, the genetic factor remains to plays a major role in the psoriasis causative.
Blood samples were collected from 96 psoriasis patients from Hospital in Karbala Governorate (Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Teaching), Iraq, during the period in October 2024 to March in 2025, as well as 50 healthy control group . Some of the laboratory tests were carried out at Imam Al-Hassan Al-Mujtaba Hospital Laboratory, while the rest were completed at Al-Wateen Private Laboratory. Serum samples were used to detect the cytokines Interleukins 32, 38, and 39 by ELISA test. Moreover, detect the IL-38-gene polymorphism by molecular technician Allele-specific:Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR).
Hematological parameters included Red blood cell , White blood cell, Hemoglobin, Platelets, and Albumin. The results of statistical analysis showed that RBC, Hb, and albumin were significantly lower in psoriasis patients compared to controls, while white blood cell was significantly higher in patients compared to health . Renal function tests included urea and creatinine. Urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients compared to health. All differences were highly significant at p=0.000.
The age group of the patients and health ranged from (20-60) years. The percentage of males was 45% and the percentage of females was 55%.The study results showed that sex (females 57.3%) has a major role in influencing the psoriasis progressing. Furthermore, a family history may increase the likelihood of developing psoriasis by approximately twofold (1.8446), while smoking also increases the likelihood of developing psoriasis by approximately twofold (1.9744). The majority of patients were obese at rate of 78.13% with significant (p=0.0001) differences; whereas, the highest percentage of healthy individuals was in normal weight group at 48%, with significant (p=0.0001) differences. In term of between groups comparison, the highly significant percentage (48%) of control individuals at (p=0.0001) compared to patients (8.3%), while the percentage of obese patients (78.1%) was significantly (p=0.0001) higher than that of health (38%). The distribution of psoriasis types among the study patients revealed that three types were diagnosed: plaque, Guttate, and nail psoriasis. Plaque psoriasis was the most common, accounting for 69% of the study patients.
A relationship was also found between psoriasis types and body mass index (BMI). Plaque and Guttate psoriasis were the most prevalent among obese patients, with prevalence rates reaching 87.9% and 66.7%, respectively. The statistical analysis results showed that RBC, Hb, and albumin were significantly lower in psoriasis patients compared to health , while WBC was the highest with statistical significance in patients compared to health.. The study results show that immune parameters, including IL-32 and IL-39, As for IL- 38, it is high in health. The results confirm the importance of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. They also reveal a relationship between sex and the IL-38 gene, and between psoriasis types and the IL-38 gene. This study also reveals the relationship between IL-38 gene polymorphisms and psoriasis susceptibility. The frequency of IL-38 genotypes showed significant differences between psoriasis patients and health. In the patient group, the CC genotype was found in 27.5% of patients, the AA genotype in 47.5%, and the CA genotype in 25%. In contrast, the CC genotype was the highest significant in control group, reaching 52.5%, the AA genotype in 27.5%, and the CA genotype in 20%. The current findings highlight significant differences in the diagnostic utility of the three interleukins. IL-39 stands out as the most promising biomarker due to its optimal diagnostic potential, while IL-32 shows intermediate potential with high sensitivity and lower specificity. IL-38, on the other hand, shows poor diagnostic potential, limiting its use in the diagnosis of psoriasis despite its statistical significance.
The results of the present study suggest that elevated IL-32 and IL-39 serum levels, along with the presence of the IL-38 (rs 6743376) gene polymorphism, may be associated with increased susceptibility to psoriasis. IL-39 may serve as potential biomarker for diagnosis of psoriasis patients. Moreover, the AA genotype and A allele of the IL-38 gene polymorphism may act as possibility risk factors for psoriasis.