إستجابة بعض الصفات النوعية والإنتاجية لأشجار النخيل صنف البرحي للتسميد بحامض الهيوميك والأسمدة الحيوية

Response of some qualitative and productive characteristics of Barhi palm trees to fertilization with humic acid and biofertilizers

The study was conducted in Orchard Development Project of Karbala Agriculture Directorate located in the Um Graager area – Al-Husseiniya District – Karbala Governorate during 2024 growing season to determine Response of some qualitative and productive characteristics Barhi palm trees to fertilization with humic acid and biofertilizers. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment (4×4) using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, with each replication containing (16) treatments with one date palm tree per experimental unit. first factor was addition of humic acid at four concentrations (0,5,10 and 15)g/20liters per palm applied in four doses,the first one week before pollination process, second batch at Hababuk stage ,the third batch at jamri stage ,and the fourth batch at Khalal stage,which was (A0,A5,A10,A15). Second factor was addition of biofertilizers at four concentrations (without addition, adding Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria at a concentration of 150 ml/20 liter per date palm, adding of Bacillus megatherium bacteria at a concentration of 150 ml/20 liter per date palm, and adding of Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria at a concentration of 75 ml +addition of Bacillus megatherium bacteria at a concentration of 75 ml )(20 liter per date palm). its symbol is ( B0 ,B1, B2, B3). The results of this study can be summarized as follows:
1-The treatment of soil addition of humic acid (A15 showed significantly superior to other treatments gave highest averages in the leafs content of total chlorophyll and percentage of each everyone who carbohydrate, protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, reaching (0.970 mg/g, 12.376 % and 13.141 % ,2.102 %, 0.495 % and 1.293 %) respectively.
2- Humic acid soil addition treatment (A15) was significantly superior to treatments by recording highest averages in most of physical and chemical characteristics of fruits : fruit weight , seed weight , fruit flesh , fruit volume , fruit length, fruit diameter , percentage of each everyone who the dry matter , total soluble solids T.S.S , reducing sugars ,and total sugars reached ( 10.885 gm , 0.989 gm , 9.895 gm, 10.639 cm3 , 3.124 cm , 2.468 cm , 67.697 % , 65.006 %, 56.851 % , and 63.930 % ) respectively.As for the productive characteristics , treatment ( A15) significant superiority to other treatments by recording highest averages in percentage of each everyone who fruit set , fruit maturity ,bunch weight and total yield reached ( 80.830 % and 79.728 % and 14.691 kgm and 117.533 kgm ) respectively.while it gave the lowest of fruit drop percerntage reached ( 19.170 %).
3-The treatment of soil addition of biofertilizers (B3) was significantly superior to other treatments, giving highest averages in leaf content of total chlorophyll, percentage of each everyone who carbohydrates, protein, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which reached (0.993 mg/g and 12.535 % and 12.807 % and 2.049 % and 0.503 % and 1.290 %) respectively. It also significantly superior to other treatments as it gave highest averages in most of physical and chemical characteristics of Barhi fruits (fruit weight , seed weight , fruit flesh weight , fruit volume , fruit length, fruit diameter , percentage of each everyone who dry matter , total soluble solids T.S.S and reducing sugars and total sugars which reached ( 10.212 gm and 0.910 gm and 9.302 gm and 9.784 cm3 and 3.076 cm and 2.484 cm and 66.365 % and 66.446 % and 57.943 % and 65.644 % ) respectively. As for production characteristics the same treatment was significantly superior to other treatments as it gave highest averages in characteristics (fruit set percentage and fruit maturity percentage and bunch weight and total yield reached (77.772 % and 79.506 % and 14.781 kgm and 118.250 % kgm) respectively, while same treatment recorded lowest of fruit drop percerntage reached (22.230 %).
4-The interactions between study factors achieved a significant superiority in most of studied traits ,as the interaction treatment (A15B3) significantly superior to other interaction treatments by giving highest averages in leaf content of total chlorophyll , percentage of each everyone who carbohydrates , protein, nitrogen , phosphorus , and potassium , which reached ( 1.108 mg/g-1 and 13.411 % and 13.956 % and 2.233 % and 0.566 % and 1.426 % ) respectively,As well as( fruit weight and seed weight and fruit flesh weight and fruit volume and fruit length and fruit diameter and percentage of each everyone who of dry matter and total soluble solids T.S.S and reducing sugars and total sugars and fruit set percentage and fruit maturity and bunch weight and total yield which reached ( 11.195 gm and 1.036 gm and 10.159 gm and 11.506 cm3 and 3.266 cm and 2.619 cm and 70.839 % and 71.184 % and 63.336 % and 70.066 % and 82.030 % and 82.823 % and 16.503 kgm and 132.024 kgm ) respectively.