التأثير المحسن لمكملات السكوالين في الجرذان المعالجة بالسيمفاستاتين

Restoring Effect of Squalene Supplements on Rats Treated with Simvastatin

Summary
The study was undertaken to investigate how squalene suplement reversed the negative side effects of statins. The experiment was carried at the animal house of Veterinary Medicine / University of Kerbala during the period from (October 2022 to March 2023). Thirty adult male rats aged (2-3 months) weighting 260-300 gm were divided into two group, (experimental one) six rats dosage with normal saline only used as a negative control group and other (24 rats) administrated with cholesterol 1% for 28 days. Then the second group randomly divided to four groups (experimental two). The experiment lasted about during two months, the rats were administration as the following groups: First group: six rats used as a positive control group dosage with normal saline only after giving cholesterol 1% since 28 days, second group: six rats administrated with cholesterol 1% for 28 days then treated with simvastatin 40 mg/kg/BW dosage orally every day for 28 days, third group: six rats administrated with cholesterol 1% for 28 days then treated with squalene 2% orally every day for 28 days, forth group: six rats will have administrated with cholesterol 1% for 28 days then treated with simvastatin 40 mg/kg/BW dosage orally with squalene 2% every day for 28 days.
The cholesterol of the treated animals increased significantly at (p<0.0001) from that of the group that received just cholesterol without any additional treatment (positive control). As indicated, the outcomes significantly increased of creatine kinase (CK), hydrogen peroxide concentrations in simvastatin group while superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations significantly decreased in simvastatin group in male rats after four weeks of receiving cholesterol. Furthermore, the concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), hydrogen peroxide were significantly decreased in squalene group and their combination of simvastatin with squalene, while SOD concentration increased significantly.
Histological changes in muscles demonstrate that cholesterol, and simvistatin treated rats showing muscle fibers atrophy, and significant pathological alterations represented in comparing to control group, however after squalene administration with simvistatin treated rats were able minimized or improved the pathological alterations condition of muscle fibers but not fully recovered.
It can be concluded that squalene interferes with testing animals’ cholesterol levels. Squalene and simvastatin were found to be more effective together than simvastatin alone, as evidenced by the results showing that dietary supplementation with squalene at 2% level considerably reduced blood level cholesterol in experimental rats simultaneously with lowering creatine kinase. These findings imply that squalene does not interact with simvastatin via triggering feedforward cholesterol synthesis, but rather regulates the process offering a fresh opportunity to reduce myotoxicity.