المجموعة الاقتصادية لدول غرب أفريقيا (الإيكواس) ودورها في الحروب الأهلية (1975-2007)

Rp-The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and its role in the civil wars (1975-2007).pd

The first chapter included (a reading of the establishment, signs of organized labor, and a geographical and historical summary of the countries of West Africa (Ecowas)) until 1975. In it, we touched on the importance of geographical location, economic importance, language, demographics, and religion, and presented the beginning of colonial penetration in West Africa through geographical discoveries and the slave trade, as well as On the factors that paved the way for the establishment of the Economic Community of African States (ECOWAS). The chapter focused on the agreements of West African countries that preceded the ECOWAS organization until 1975, the first conference in Accra, Ghana in 1958, the Malian Union in 1959, the Brazzaville Group of Nations in 1960, the Monrovia Group in 1960, and the Casablanca Union. 1961, the Second Conference in Addis Ababa in 1963, the Organization of African Unity 1963, the Customs and Economic Union of West African States 1966, the West African Monetary Union 1973, the Mano River Union 1973, as well as the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), the establishment of the Economic Community of West African States 1975.
The Second Chapter Was Entitled (The Organizational And Institutional Structure And Competencies Of The Economic Community Of West African States (Ecowas)) In Accordance With The Lagos Treaty And A Review Of The Organs of The Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), Membership In The Organization, Organs of The Economic Community Of West African States (Ecowas): Council of Heads Of State And Government, Council Ministers, The Summits of The Organization And The Meeting of The Council Of Ministers of The Organization Held Between The Years (1975-2007), The Executive Secretariat, The Executive Secretariat, The Economic and Social Council, As Well As The Revised Treaty of 1993, And The New Bodies Affiliated With The Organization in The Treaty of 1993 (The Ecowas Court of Justice, The Parliament of The Economic Community, The Technical and specialized committees and the Cooperation, Compensation and Development Fund. The thesis touched on the political and security protocols of the Economic Community (Ecowas), the Non-Aggression Protocol 1978, the Collective Assistance in the Case of Defense Protocol 1981, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government, the Defense and Security Committee, and the Protocol on the Mechanism for Resolving Conflicts and Preserving Peace and Security 1999. .
The third chapter shed light on (the steps of regional integration and the trade policy of the Economic Community (1975-2007)), the economic and commercial role of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), the factors of economic integration between West African countries, and the 1979 Protocol on freedom of movement and its impact on economic progress, as well as addressing To the West African Economic and Monetary Union, the economic and monetary goals of the West African Economic and Monetary Union, the West African Monetary Agency, the Second Monetary Zone, the most important specialized agencies of the Economic Community of West African States to achieve economic integration, the West African Health Organization, the Youth and Sports Development Center, and the West African Economic and Monetary Union. Rationalization of financial resources, the Ecowas Center for Gender and Development, the West African Energy Community, and the Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Committee. The chapter touched on the problems that the Economic Union suffered from, the role of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) in the economic and commercial field, and the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The trade policy of Ecowas within the framework of the African Opportunities and Growth Act (AGOA), and the accession of the countries of the Economic Community to the World Trade Organization on the trade policy of Ecowas within the framework of the World Trade Organization, and the trade of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) and the European Union.
And the reasons for the weakness of trade in the countries of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas).
The fourth chapter was concerned with (the civil war in Liberia and the role of ECOWAS in it (1989-2003)) and the circumstances of the outbreak of the Liberian civil war at the internal and external levels. It included internal reasons, historical reasons, economic reasons, political, ethnic and military reasons, external reasons, and the role of the Economic Community of States. West Africa (Ecowas) in the First Liberian War (1989-1996), including the Military Observer Group (Ecomog), training of forces, the United Liberation Movement of Liberia, Ecowas and its role in Liberia, the attack on Monrovia in 1992 (Operation Octopus) and the role of Ecowas in the peace agreements in Liberia and the role of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas), represented by the Cotonou Agreement in 1993, the United Nations intervention (Unomig) and the peace agreements, the Kosombo Agreement, the UN intervention (Unomig) and peace agreements, the Kosombo Agreement, as well as The Second Liberian War (1999-2003) and the role of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) and the United Nations in stopping it, and the agreements: the Accra Agreement (Comprehensive Agreement).
he fifth chapter shed light on ((The civil war in Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau, and Côte d’Ivoire, and the role of Ecowas in it)), and the first section covered the civil war in Sierra Leone and the role of Ecowas in it (1991-2002), the causes of the internal war in Sierra Leone, the ethnic religious factors, the economic factors, and the causes. The political, regional and international causes of the war in Sierra Leone (1991-2002), the external causes of the war in Sierra Leone, the role of ECOWAS in the Sierra Leone war (1991-2002), Operation Desert Storm, the role of Ecowas in the peace agreements, the Lomé Peace Agreement 1999, the Abuja Peace Agreement and the withdrawal of forces ECOWAS from Sierra Leone, the civil war in Guinea-Bissau (1998-1999) and the role of Ecowas, and touched on the causes of internal war, ethnic and cultural causes, economic and political causes, the causes of regional and international war, the role of Ecowas In the civil war in Guinea-Bissau, the Abuja Peace Agreement, and the war. Civil society in Côte d’Ivoire and the role of Ecowas (2002-2007). He touched on the internal causes of the war in Côte d’Ivoire, the religious and ethnic causes, the economic reasons, the regional and international causes of the war in Côte d’Ivoire, the role of Ecowas in the peace agreements and the role of Ecowas in them (2002-2007), an agreement Lomé, the Linas Markosis Agreement, the First, Second and Third Accra Agreement, the Pretoria Agreement, and the Ouagadougou Agreement.
The conclusion came to clarify the aspects of the thesis and give a summary of the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) and its role in the civil wars (1975-2007).