تأثير إضافة سماد البيسك ماكس والرش بمنظم النموالبراسينولايد في بعض الصفات النوعية و الإنتاجية لنخيل التمر صنف البرحي

The effect of adding Bassic max fertilizer and spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide on some qualitative and productive traits of date palm cultivar Barhi

Abstract​
The study was conducted at the Orchard Development Project / Karbala Agriculture Directorate located in the Um Graager area of Al-Husseiniya District / Karbala Governorate during the 2023 growing season to investigate the effect of adding chemical fertilizer (Bassic Max) and the growth regulator Brassinolide and their interactions on some qualitative and productive traits of Barhi date palm trees aged 16 years. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment (3×4) using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, with each replication containing 12 treatments and one palm tree per experimental unit. The first factor was the addition of compound chemical fertilizer at three levels (0, 1000, and 1500 grams per palm) applied in four doses, with a 30-day interval between each dose, starting from February to May. The second factor was spraying with the growth regulator Brassinolide at four concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 mg L-1) at three stages (Hababook, Jamri, and Khalal stages). The study revealed that:
1. The chemical fertilizer treatment (Bassic Max) at a level of )1500 g palm-1( showed the highest averages compared to other treatments. Specifically, it resulted in the highest total chlorophyll content in leaves (0.893 mg g-1), carbohydrate percentage (12.129%), protein percentage (6.305%), nitrogen percentage (1.001%), phosphorus percentage (0.464%), potassium percentage (1.303%), zinc content in leaves (31.870 mg kg-1), iron content in leaves (168.720 mg kg-1 ) , and manganese content in leaves (1.200 mg kg-1),Most of the physical and chemical traits of the fruits. Specifically, it resulted in the highest fruit weight (10.741 g), seed weight (0.960 g), flesh weight (9.781 g), fruit volume (10.318 cm³), fruit length (3.079 cm), fruit diameter (2.517 cm), percentage of dry matter (67.120%), total soluble solids percentage (58.430%), reducing sugars percentage (56.720%), total sugars percentage (63.883%), average weight of the bunch (14.729 kg), and total yield (117.830kg),average fruit set (74.710%).
2. The spraying treatment with the growth regulator Brassinolide at a concentration of )0.8 mg L1- ( recorded the highest significant increase in the average content of total chlorophyll in leaves (0.943 mg g-1), carbohydrate concentration (12.420%), protein (6.663%), nitrogen (1.066%), phosphorus (0.497%), potassium (1.336%), zinc content in leaves (31.930 mg kg-1), iron (171.880 mg kg-1), and manganese (1.206 mg kg-1).It also led to a significant increase in the averages of most physical and chemical traits of the fruits. The results showed an increase in fruit weight (11.153 g), seed weight (1.008 g), flesh weight (10.145 g), fruit volume (10.848 cm³), fruit length (3.208 cm), fruit diameter (2.531 cm), percentage of dry matter (68.230%), total soluble solids percentage (60.490%), reducing sugars percentage (59.920%), total sugars percentage (66.630%), fruit set percentage (76.060%), bunch weight (15.667 kg), and total yield (125.330 kg).
3. The two-way interactions between the study factors showed a significant superiority in most of the studied traits compared to the control treatment. The treatment combining chemical fertilizer (1500 g palm-1) and Brassinolide growth regulator (0.8 mg L-1) achieved the highest averages in the following: total chlorophyll content in leaves (1.047 mg g-1), carbohydrate percentage (13.303%), protein percentage (7.625%), nitrogen (1.220%), phosphorus (0.523%), potassium (1.433%), zinc content in leaves (33.460 mg kg-1), iron (180.870 mg kg-1), manganese (1.231 mg kg-1), fruit weight (11.608 g), seed weight (1.074 g), flesh weight (10.534 g), fruit volume (11.600 cm³), fruit length (3.347 cm), fruit diameter (2.591 cm), percentage of dry matter (70.770%), total soluble solids percentage (64.720%), reducing sugars percentage (64.330%), total sugars percentage (70.270%), fruit set percentage (79.160%), bunch weight (16.417 kg), and total yield (131.336 kg).