علي رضا الركابي ودوره العسكري والسياسي في سوريا وإمارة شرقي الأردن (1918-1942)

Rp-Ali Redha al-Rikabi and his political and military role in Syria and the Emirate of Transjordan (1918-1942) .pdf

Academic and research institutions have been interested in studying the modern and contemporary history of the Arabs, and this interest has been topped by the study of personalities with the aim of shedding light on the individual and his role in creating the historical event or participating in shaping its course. Among these personalities stands out the personality of the study, which was titled: (Ali Redha al-Rikabi and his political and military role in Syria and the Emirate of Transjordan 1918-1942) because it did not receive sufficient attention This is what prompted us to study the subject and write down what can be written about it and what is related to its stages, considering that it is one of the important figures in the history of the Arab world in general and the history of Syria and eastern Jordan in particular, in order to reach a number of historical facts scattered between the pages of books and write them down academically in order to provide the Iraqi and Arab library with the information it lacks.
The study required dividing it into an introduction, five chapters, and a conclusion in which we presented a summary of our findings related to the study, a list of appendices, and a list of approved sources and references.
The first chapter was introductory, entitled “Ali Reda al-Rikabi and his military and political role. until 1918, and was divided into three sections, the first of which included al-Rikabi’s lineage and his military upbringing. He held a number of important positions, then assumed the administration of Medina and the leadership of the Ottoman forces there While the second section shed light on Al-Rikabi’s role in leading the Sixth Ottoman Humayuni Army in Iraq and his participation in the Balkan Wars, then his assumption of the administration of the Basra Province and his role in limiting tribal aspirations in southern Iraq, while the third section included Al-Rikabi’s position towards the nationalist movement, his joining secret Arab formations, and his communication with Prince Faisal to work against the Ottoman Empire and declare the Great Arab Revolt.
As for the second chapter, which was entitled Ali Reda al-Rikabi and his political role in Syria during the military rule October 5, 1918 November 17, 1919″, it included three discussions, the first of which included the circumstances of al-Rikabi’s appointment as military ruler of the country after the Ottomans withdrawal, his formation of the military ministry, and the nature of the work he carried out during That difficult transitional phase to control violence and internal conditions in Damascus In addition to confronting the problem of competitors’ ambitions for power, while in the second section we explained Al-Rikabi’s role in organizing the country’s affairs and laying the foundations and first building blocks for establishing an independent state, while explaining Al-Rikabi’s policy towards the national movement and some serious incidents While the third section dealt with Al-Rikabi’s role in establishing the Syrian Conference and forming the first quasi-civilian government, in addition to explaining his position towards the agreement to replace British forces with French forces with the aim of colonizing the country and implementing the Sykes-Picot Agreement.
The third chapter was entitled Al-Rikabi’s role in ending military rule and establishing the Kingdom of Syria November 22, 1919 July 25, 1920 and included three topics, the first of which explained the nature of the political opposition of the men of the National Movement in Syria towards Al-Rikabi and his position on it, which ended with the resignation of his ministry as a result of the lack of harmony between Parties, While the second section studied Al-Rikabi’s position on the Faisal-Clemenceau Agreement and the events that accompanied it that resulted in the end of military rule, the declaration of the Kingdom of Syria, and Al-Rikabi’s formation of its first independent ministry, the third dealt with the administrative organizations of Al-Rikabi’s independent ministry and the position of Britain and France towards it, in addition to Al-Rikabi’s position on the political opposition to his ministry. The struggle for power that ended with his resignation, then the clash with the French forces, the fall of the Syrian Arab Kingdom, and the military occupation of the country.
As for the fourth chapter, it was entitled Ali Reda al-Rikabi and his political role in Transjordan, March 12, 1922 January 1923”, and it was devoted to studying the first Rikabi ministry in Transjordan and was divided into three sections, the first of which was devoted to studying the political changes in Transjordan and their impact on the formation of the first Rikabi ministry and its position towards the rebellion. Koura district As for the second, we explained Al-Rikabi’s role in repelling the Wahhabi invasions of the country and confronting the Najdi ambitions while imposing influence in a number of border areas, while the third section dealt with Al-Rikabi’s role in the negotiations that were conducted in Europe to chart the features of the future administration, then his return to the country and his dispute with the British Commissioner and Prince Abdullah. Which ended with Al-Rikabi submitting his resignation from the ministry
The last chapter was entitled Ali Reda al-Rikabi and his political role in Transjordan May 3, 1924 June 23, 1926 and was devoted to studying the second Rikabi ministry in Transjordan and was divided into three sections, the first of which dealt with the impact of the political situation in forming the Rikabi ministry for the second time in Transjordan, with a statement of the position of al-Rikabi. Towards the Istiqlal Party and the aspirations of its members in the region, which prompted Al-Rikabi to follow a policy of excluding political parties in The country and the liquidation of opponents to his ministry. As for the second section, we explained the administrative organizations that Al-Rikabi carried out to lay the correct foundations for the features of the state, in addition to explaining his role in adding new regions and expanding the country’s area while eliminating the rebellion that opposed those organizations The third and final section was devoted to shedding light on Al-Rikabi’s position on the Great Syrian Revolution and his policy towards the Jordanian national opposition, which began demanding to assume the duties of running the country and raised Jordan’s slogan to the Jordanians, the tense situation in the country, and the increasing rift between Al-Rikabi and Prince Abdullah on the one hand, and the former and the British on the other hand, which ended. By submitting the resignation of the second Al-Rikabiya Ministry This study also included following up on Al-Rikabi’s most important political activities until his death on May 27, 1942.
In preparing this study, the researcher relied on a large number of sources and references, and sought as much as possible to use all accessible virgin primary sources, including unpublished documents, the first of which is “Unpublished Ottoman Documents”, and the first of which is “Documents of the Archive of the Ottoman Prime Minister’s Office BOA)) Başbanlık Osmanli Arşiv Unpublished, “Unpublished British documents”, including “British Colonial Office documents: Colonial Office (CO)”, and “India Office Records and Library unpublished documents, as well as published Arab and foreign documents, official and unofficial newspapers, personal diaries, Arabic and Arabized sources, university theses and dissertations, peer-reviewed research, and encyclopedias that can be viewed through the list of sources.
During the study, we reached a number of results, including that Al-Rikabi was influenced during the training period by his military environment, which consequently reflected positively on his personality as an Ottoman military commander who performed his duties with all sincerity. It also showed the roles that contributed to shaping the course of important events at the military and political levels, and explained his mandate for the city of Basra and how he dealt with it.Its tribal problems It also became clear that Al-Rikabi was not far from the idea of revolution against the Ottoman Empire. He participated in secret discussions with Prince Faisal in preparation for declaring the Great Arab Revolt. It also showed how he played major roles during the Faisal rule in Syria and took over the administration of the country. Then it became clear to us how he moved to eastern Jordan and participated in Drawing the features of that emerging emirate, how he headed two ministries there, and his participation in the British-Jordanian negotiations regarding independence, in addition to his efforts to deter the Wahhabi invasions of Jordan, his position on the Great Syrian Revolution, and other results that can be seen in the conclusion of this study.
In conclusion, despite the attempt to overcome the difficulties that we faced and give the study maturity, taking into account the chronology and unity of the subject, this does not mean that the study is free of unintended errors, said Al-Jahedh ((best substitute for the slip is an apology)), I hope that I have succeeded in The preparation of this modest thesis, which is only a simple attempt in the field of research in order to provide the Arab library with an academic study on Ali Reda al-Rikabi.