الانطباع السياسي وعلاقته بسلوك الاحتجاج لدى طلبة الجامعة

Rp- Relationship between Political Impression and Protest Behavior among University Students.pdf

Psychological and cognitive processes that create awareness of injustice play a crucial role in individuals’ behavior in the political sphere. Studying protest behavior is of significant importance as it serves as a key indicator of social movements and contributes to understanding the drivers, potentials, prospects, and future of protests, with a primary focus on university students and their motivations and aspirations. Therefore, the current research aimed to uncover the following:
1- Political impression among university students.
2- Protest behavior among university students.
3- The correlational relationship between political impression and protest behavior among university students.
4- The differences in the relationship between political impression and protest behavior based on the variable of election stance (participating or boycotting).
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a scale for political impression consisting of 24 items with five alternatives. After ensuring face validity and item appropriateness by presenting them to 20 experts specializing in educational sciences, psychology, and mental health, all items were retained. Regarding protest behavior, the researcher adopted the Mubdar Study’s (2018) scale, which measures protest behavior and consists of 24 items with three alternatives. After presenting the items to the aforementioned experts, all items were retained. To extract the psychometric properties of both scales, the researcher applied them to a a sample of 400 male and female students. After completing the application, the researchen extracted the following validity indicators through three methods:
1- Internal consistency.
2- Discriminant power (two extreme groups).
3- Factor analysis. No items were deleted from either of the research scales.
As for reliability, the researcher ensured it through two methods:
1- Test-retest: The researcher used the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess reliability. The reliability coefficient for the political impression scale was 0.944, while for the protest behavior scale, it was 0.948. Both coefficients indicate high reliability and can be relied upon according to the literature.
2- Cronbach’s alpha: Using this method, the reliability coefficient for the political impression scale was found to be 0.928, and for the protest behavior scale, it was 0.927. Both coefficients indicate very good reliability based on the standards set by measurement and evaluation experts. After verifying the validity and reliability of the two scales, the researcher applied them to the research sample and conducted statistical analysis using the SPSS software package (version 24). Several results were obtained, including:
1- University students’ inability to form a positive political impression of the political situation and politicians.
2- Low levels of protest behavior among university students.
3- The presence of an inverse correlational relationship between forming positive political impressions and protest behavior among university students.
4- No statistically significant differences were found in the relationship between political impression and protest behavior among university students based on their stance towards parliamentary elections.
Based on the research findings, the researcher provided several recommendations and suggestions.