التقييم الجغرافي للإحتياجات المائية لمحصول الحنطة في المنطقة الصحراوية في محافظة كربلاء للموسم الزراعي (2017-2016)

The geographical assessment of the water needs of wheat crop in the desert region in Karbala governorate For the agricultural season (2016-2017)

   The current study was prepared to know the water supplies for wheat_product in the desert lands in Kerbala province. The study also get use of the role of climate factors and their influence on the water supplies of the product, knowing consuming water,amount, and depending the researcher on the human factors and their impact.on the water needs amount and water consuming which can be a reason for reduction or increase of the agricultural land areas in the desert region that was devoted to plant wheat.        This is due to this product suitability for the common circumstances, when the natural elements and their role in the water needs were studied. These include: location, geological formation, surface, climate, soil, and water resources in the study area. Other climate factors that affect product water needs include: sun light, temperature, rain, humidity, and winds.

   The human factors and their influence on water supplies for the wheat product were also investigated which include: chemical fertilizers, insecticides, greenhouses, and the product service.

   Water needs for the wheat product were counted in the study area in the common climate conditions according to statistical formulas of Nejeeb Kheroufa, lvanon and Khuslah, and Bleani— Kredle formula. At last, the researcher adopted Bleani— Kredle formula due to its closeness to the common conditions in the area and similar to the study area conditions.

   Water needs for the agricultural season months reached ( 84,74 — 53,54-—51,41 – 65,35 — 110,45 — 169,32 — 245,19 / m. ) respectively, from November to May, if we know that falling rain amount on the study area during the agricultural season less than 90 m.m. this amount is not enough to supply the water need for wheat product during its growth as well as increasing of water consume due to the hot and dried condition of the area; this is in addition to its sand and gypsum soil which let rain and irrigation water to leak relatively.

   It was noticed that there was a difference for the water needs quantity of wheat product during growth time of the agricultural season. The least quantity during first growth of the wheat product was (51,41 /m. ) in the cold season of the agricultural season ( 780 /m. ) per 1000 sq.m.

   The concluded values were close to the water rations that were limited by ministry of agriculture of the desert land in Kerbala province. What the study concluded that, it is necessary to guide and direct farmers in the study area to follow the modern way in the
complementary irrigation of wheat product ( irrigating by axial shower). It is advisable to know water product in order not to waste water resources which it is important to protect, particularly in the study area where there are no surface water resources but depending on underground water in the complementary irrigation to the wheat product, as well as dry conditions and rain shortage. It is also to avoid defect in the product through its need for water increase or decrease and the soil.

   The study showed shortage of governmental support for the farmers as supplying agricultural requirements: developed seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, and agricultural mechanism; lending and investing opportunities, in addition to shortage of modern irrigation systems to remove deficiency of these lands which in turn reduce areas of the wheat product or it may decrease or increase the 1000 sq.m. wheat outcome.

   The study clarified that there was almost a relative increase in the product outcome and areas that were devoted to grow wheat in accord with the available abilities of the agricultural reason ( 2011 — 2012 , 2016 – 2017).

   The study also mentioned the challenges and problems that face planting wheat and the future orientations to plant this product in the study area by suggesting some appropriate solutions for the problem that the area suffers from. That is an attempt to include the rest areas and the invested ones and to increase and develop the agricultural lands as well as protecting soil and water resources.