الدَّلالةُ النفسِيَّةُ للتقابُلِ في النصِّ القرآنيِّ

Rp-The Psychological Signification of Opposition in the Qur'anic Text.pdf

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Praise be to Allah, who has sole authority and whose glory is unique. Peace and blessings be upon His beloved, described as merciful, named Muhammad, and upon his pure family, the most exalted of those who feared the Most Merciful in obedience and worship, and upon his companions, whom the Qur’an described in its opening as eternal, saying that they are ‘severe against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves’ as a pledge.
And then;
This is my thesis which is entitled (The Psychological Signification of Opposition in the Qur’anic Text), graced by the fact that the Holy Qur’an is its substance, the Arabic language its specialization, and the system of linguistic antithesis is its subject, and its psychological significance to the addressee (the recipient) or listener is its focus and purpose.
I am honored that God Almighty has blessed me with His success, as this thesis from (its subject, specialization, topic, focus, and purpose) has been officially approved as the title of my postgraduate research study at the master’s level, thanks to the guidance and suggestion of my esteemed supervising professor (Prof. Dr. Hadi Shandookh Hamid Al-Saeedi), and a formal, supportive acknowledgment of the approval and blessing of my esteemed professors in (the specialized scientific committee and the head of the department).
As I was pleased with this necessary scientific assignment to accomplish my research, I thank God Almighty for enabling me to complete and perfect it (initial), so that it may reach a (final) completion and perfection which I hope will be achieved with the help of my esteemed professors, whom I am honored to have chosen as chair and two members of the esteemed Scientific Arbitration Committee, which is expected to be approved in principle, , so that, with its guidance, this work may appear as a scientific treasure for which I have exerted and endured my efforts; It is a trust in their hands, and they will bless its correctness with generosity and correct its omissions and errors with mercy. Our only goal is to seek the pleasure of Allah, the Almighty, by serving His miraculous Book with its words and meanings, and its sublime language with its styles, arts of composition, and connotations.
The psychological linguistic significance of the Qur’an is of particular importance in the movement of discourse and dialogue, as manifested in its effects on the recipient (the addressee) or listener, derived from the discourse of a miraculous text whose purpose is to guide, direct, instruct and refine, bringing benefit to mankind and warding off harm. It is formulated in words that, in most cases, represent a dialogue between two parties, or in some cases, they are exclusively opposing contrast, since the subject of my Thesis is not the general semantic contrast in which two parties or two structures meet without contradiction between them, as God Almighty says: ﴾He is not but a man who has invented a lie about Allah, and we will not believe him﴿ [Al-Muminun\38]; the first side or structure, “A man who has invented a lie about God,” is a negative description of him by the people of (Salih, peace be upon him), and is contrasted by the other side or structure, “We will not believe him,” which is their state and their negative stance towards him as well. However, there is no contradiction or opposition between them, as both are negative. The subject of my thesis is only the semantic opposition between the two sides, or the composition of the two opposing structures that contradict each other, such as (darkness and light) and (truth and falsehood)—for example—and the psychological connotations that emerge from them, which can be read as a thoughtful conclusion in light of Qur’anic knowledge and analytical ability, fortified by specialized sources and references in this scientific field, using the necessary methods of collection and arrangement, analytical observation, and the expression of personal opinion with confidence based on achievement, when possible and necessary.
The idea for this thesis has been stemmed from the importance of its subject matter, for which I could find no previous thesis that specifically addressed it in a comprehensive manner, enriching the library with new content. The Quranic linguistic library still needs this specific study in a comprehensive and thorough manner. Because the general and university Quranic linguistic library is full of books and studies in the field of (linguistic contrast), they are generally about (contrast and comparison), and about (the rhetorical aspect) without a very clear specialization in the field of (the psychological significance of the opposing contrast), which I have taken as the specific content of my study and its evidence, distinguishing the thesis from others that have taken the general content of the contrast without the psychological significance, or taken the psychological significance of the text without the opposing contrast.
I based this thesis on an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion with the thesis’s results. I obtained all of its scientific and documentary material from sources in the fields of the Holy Qur’an and its sciences, its interpretation and explanation, with linguistic, semantic, grammatical, morphological, and phonetic studies psycholinguistic studies and linguistics. I prepared a detailed documentary list of the sources and references that I completed from them, and a summary in the English language that conveys the subject of the thesis and its importance to foreign researchers interested in the Arabic language and Qur’anic studies.
As for the introduction, it is the one before the esteemed reader now. I have employed it to explain the subject and the reasons for choosing it for the thesis, its importance, its scientific significance, and the need for reference for it. I also present the plan according to which the material was distributed among its three chapters and what preceded or followed them, to explain some of the difficulties that hampered my work in it, to mention the general scientific fields of the sources from which I drew the material for the thesis, to define the scientific method that I followed in completing it, and to point out the results that I have reached.
As for the preface, I made it to provide a general definition of the content of the thesis by explaining its title.
As for the first chapter, I used it to explain (contexts of contrast opposition, their subjects, and their psychological implications) with what I chose—with the advice of my supervisor—from the main contexts of the Arabic language, divided into five topics, the first of which was (opposition in the context of interrogation), the second on (opposition in the context of conditionality), the third on (opposition in the context of emphasis), the fourth on (opposition in the context of argumentation), and the fifth on (opposition in the rhetorical context). This chapter has the most topics and the most pages compared to the second and third chapters because it is based on the foundations of the Arabic language and the art of rhetorical speech in it in light of the contexts of its systems, which are very numerous. I consulted with my supervising professor and decided to limit myself to these five topics only, due to the limited duration allowed for a more comprehensive and broader subject with more topics and details.
As for the second chapter, I devoted it to (the areas of contrast opposition, their topics, and their psychological connotations), based on what I chose – with the advice of my supervising professor – from the main intellectual areas distributed among three topics, the first of which was for (opposition in the doctrinal field), the second for (opposition in the legislative field), and the third for (opposition in the social field). These are the area’s most relevant to human existence and life, and to what is required of humans in terms of their duties, behavior and interactions in life.
As for the third chapter, I expanded it to (patterns of contrasting oppositions, their topics, and their psychological significations) with what I have selected – with the advice of my supervising professor – from the main linguistic patterns distributed over three topics, the first of which included (the opposition pattern of repetition), the second of which included (the pattern of diverse opposition), and the third of which was devoted to (the pattern of partial opposition) in order to fulfill the general patterns that are broad enough to cover most topics with their evidence and general connotations.
As for the conclusion, I presented in it the most prominent results that I reached from this thesis, including what I find to be original in the list of conclusions.
As for the sources of the thesis, I have provided a detailed mention of them at the end of the thesis, divided into (the Holy Qur’an), (printed books), (university thesis manuscripts), (published scientific research), and (dialogue blogs that I documented from necessary scientific and consultative meetings), which are the main sources from which I organized the text based on two other pillars, namely:
1. Personal reflection based on linguistic and Qur’anic knowledge acquired through specialized academic study.
2. Personal analysis based on this reflection on the one hand, and the sources from which it is drawn and organized on the other hand.
As for the approach that I adopted as a basis for the idea of the thesis, its writing, and the organization of its material, it is the (descriptive-analytical-contrastive) approach, in which I relied on understanding the organization of the Qur’anic text as it is, with its revelation, wording, and context, analyzing its meaning in light of the psychological dimensions read, influencing the addressee (recipient) or the listener alike.
As for what can be considered among the difficulties of this difficult study, it is the necessity of careful deliberation before the Qur’anic text with regard to deducing the psychological dimensions and effects that appear from it in terms of refinement and guidance, or warning and deterrence, intimidating the addressee (recipient) or the listener alike. It is a contemplative, diligent reading that is constantly investigating to verify its support from its sources if that is possible.
In conclusion, I would like to express my gratitude to Allah Almighty: this is what Allah Almighty has enabled me to accomplish in my first research experience at this level. I offer it as a service to the Holy Qur’an and the Arabic language on the one hand, and as a service to the esteemed reader, whether specialized or non-specialized, and the linguistic-Qur’anic library on the other hand. If I am correct, then it is the grace of Allah Almighty, and if I make a mistake or forget, then this is the state of human, demonstrating the limitations of his scientific potential. We are the ones addressed by the verse, ﴾And mankind have not been given of knowledge except a little﴿ [Al-Isra’\85]. ﴾And my success is not but through Allah. Upon him I have relied, and to Him I return﴿ [Hud\88], ﴾And praise to Allah, Lord of the worlds ﴿[Assaaffat\182].